Figure 2.

TIMP3S179C ARPE-19 cells have increased glycolytic activity. A, ARPE19 cells overexpressing S179C TIMP3 (S179C) or wild type TIMP3 (WT++) were fully differentiated before steady state [U–¹³C₆] Glucose isotopic tracing using GC/MS was conducted for 24 h. B, C, Total intracellular pyruvate but not lactate levels were increased in S179C cells (n = 13) D, M3 Pyruvate enrichment was increased in S179C cells while E, M3 Lactate remained unchanged. (n = 13) F, G, The conditioned media was evaluated for extracellular pyruvate and lactate. Pyruvate was increased indicating increased production (n = 4). H, Extracellular glucose levels were evaluated and found to be reduced by ∼50% in the S179C ARPE-19 cells indicating increased glucose utilization. (n = 4). Statistics were performed using a two-tailed, unpaired, Mann–Whitney test. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. Experimental schematic was generated using BioRender. Graphs were made with GraphPad Prism.