RNA-sequencing results by gene-set pathways from scalp samples by atopic background (determined as personal/family history of atopy or elevated serum IgE levels ≥200 IU/ml). Presented as a gene-set variation analysis (GSVA) of Th2 and Th1 pathways (A), a heatmap and GSVA of hair keratin genes (B, C), and a plot of keratin gene-set percent improvement in atopic participant only (D). BL, baseline; LS, lesional; NL, non-lesional; OLE, open label extension; W12, week 12; W24, week 24; W48, week 48. +/*/**/*** denote significance (p < .1/.05/.01/.001, respectively) of difference in comparison with baseline (when in red) and in dupilumab versus placebo at a specific timepoint (when in black).