Table 2.
Results of the meta-analyses of the correlation between TyG index and various health outcomes
| Variable | Effect size | Prediction interval | Heterogeneity | Egger’s regression test P value | Begg’s regression test P value | Number of imputes studies in trim and fill analysis | Trim and Fill analysis | Power analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIN | OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.82–2.77, P < 0.01 | 1.29–3.92 | 35.42%, P = 0.18 | 0.33 | 0.80 | 2 | OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.70–2.67 | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Diabetic Retinopathy | Categorical | OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.31–4.19, P < 0.01 | 0.31-17.82 |
89.70%, P < 0.01 |
P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 | 2 | OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.06–3.03 | 1−b = 1 | |
| Continuous | OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11–1.97, P < 0.01 | 0.59–3.72 |
83.46%, P < 0.01 |
0.01 | 0.25 | 2 | OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03–1.71 | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Obstructive sleep apnea | SMD = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.57–1.15, P < 0.01 | -1.89-3.61 | 36.74%, P = 0.20 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0 | 0.86, 95% CI: 0.57–1.15 | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.48–3.91, P < 0.01 | 0.61–9.47 | 59.48%, P = 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 2 | OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.11–3.01 | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Metabolic syndrome | MD = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.93, P < 0.01 | 0.47–1.20 | 98.18%, P < 0.01 | 0.43 | 0.76 | 0 | MD = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.93 | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Categorical | OR = 6.00, 95% CI: 4.12–8.74, P < 0.01 | 1.64–21.98 | 91.80%, P < 0.01 | 0.89 | 0.75 | 0 | OR = 6.00, 95% CI: 4.12–8.73 | 1−b = 1 | |
| continuous | OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.88–2.97, P < 0.01 | 0.99–5.68 | 98.13%, P < 0.01 | 0 < 0.01 | 0.24 | 0 | OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.88–2.97 | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | RR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.32–1.63, P < 0.01 | 1.06–2.03 | 50.44%, P = 0.01 | 0 < 0.01 | 0 < 0.01 | 6 | RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.24–1.53 | − | ||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Risk ratio | RR = 3.53, 95%CI:2.74–4.54, P < 0.01 | 1.36–9.16 | 83.70%, P < 0.01 | 0.79 | 0.19 | 5 | RR = 2.93, 95% CI: 2.25–3.82 | − | |
| Hazard ratio | HR = 2.60, 95% CI: 2.19–3.09, P < 0.01 | 1.33–5.12 | 79.05%, P < 0.01 | 0 < 0.01 | 0.067 | 8 | 2.09, 95% CI: 1.77–2.46 | − | ||
| Dementia | Categorical | OR = 1. 14, 95% CI: 1.12–1.16, P < 0.01 | LN | 0.00%, P = 0.32 | LN | LN | LN | LN | 1−b = 1 | |
| Continuous | OR = 1. 37, 95% CI: 1.03–1.82, P = 0.03 | LN | 0.00%, P = 0.77 | LN | LN | LN | LN | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Cognitive impairment | Categorical | OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.38–3.86, P < 0.01 | 0.37–14.26 | 84.75%, P < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.46 | 2 | OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.05–2.64 | 1−b = 1 | |
| Continuous | OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.67–6.83, P < 0.01 | 0.16–72.58 | 81.56%, P < 0.01 | 0.84 | 0.73 | 0 | OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.67–6.83 | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Ischemic stroke | Ischemic stroke association | OR = 1. 37, 95% CI: 1.22–1.54, P < 0.01 | 0.99–1.91 | 74.18%, P < 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.90 | 1 | OR = 1. 35, 95% CI: 1.20–1.52 | 1−b = 1 | |
| Ischemic stroke recurrence | OR = 1. 50, 95% CI: 1.19–1.89, P < 0.01 | 0.75–2.99 | 56.22%, P = 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 2 | OR = 1. 33, 95% CI: 1.04–1.70, | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Ischemic stroke poor functional outcomes | OR = 1. 36, 95% CI: 1.10–1.69, P < 0.01 | 0.74–2.54 | 71.40%, P < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.02 | 2 | OR = 1. 25, 95% CI: 1.01–1.54 | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Ischemic stroke mortality | OR = 1. 40, 95% CI: 1.14–1.71, P < 0.01 | 0.76–2.57 | 70.70%, P < 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.70 | 0 | OR = 1. 40, 95% CI: 1.14–1.71 | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Ischemic stroke neurological worsening | OR = 1. 33, 95% CI: 1.09–1.63, P < 0.01 | LN | 76.57%, P = 0.03 | LN | LN | LN | LN | 1−b = 0.99 | ||
| Heart Failure | Categorical | HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.12–1.30, P < 0.01 | 1.04–1.41 | 21.43%, P = 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.76 | 1 | HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08–1.31 | − | |
| Continues | HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.11–1.21, P < 0.01 | 0.86–1.57 | 0.64%, P = 0.36 | 0.40 | 1 | 1 | HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.09–1.21 | − | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | SMD: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.57–1.87, P < 0.01 | -1.18-3.63 | 98.04%, P < 0.01 | 0.64 | 1 | 0 | SMD: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.57–1.87 | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Hypertension | RR = 1. 52, 95% CI: 1.25–1.85, P < 0.01 | 0.78–2.98 | 85.67%, P < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.28 | 1 | RR = 1. 44, 95% CI: 1.20–1.74 | − | ||
| Atrial stiffness | Categorical | OR = 1. 80, 95% CI: 1.53–2.10, P < 0.01 | 1.07–3.03 | 66.26%, P < 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0 | OR = 1. 80, 95% CI: 1.53–2.10 | 1−b = 1 | |
| Continuous | OR = 1. 50, 95% CI: 1.34–1.69, P < 0.01 | 1.03–2.21 | 81.66%, P < 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 4 | OR = 1. 39, 95% CI: 1.23–1.56 | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Coronary artery calcification | Continuous | OR = 1. 73, 95% CI: 1.36–2.20, P < 0.01 | 0.84–3.59 | 50.81%, P = 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0 | OR = 1. 73, 95% CI: 1.36–2.20 | 1−b = 1 | |
| Categorical | OR = 1. 65, 95% CI: 1.50–1.82, P < 0.01 | 1.51–1.83 | 0.00%, P = 0.72 | 0.21 | 1 | 0 | OR = 1. 65, 95% CI: 1.50–1.82 | 1−b = 1 | ||
| Post percutaneous coronary intervention events | Post-PCI major cardiovascular outcomes | Categorical | HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.64–2.51, P < 0.01 | 1.01–4.11 | 77.09%, P < 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0 | HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.64–2.51 | − |
| Continuous | HR = 1.81, 95%CI:1.34–2.46, P < 0.01 | 0.58–5.75 | 91.72%, P < 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0 | HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.34–2.46 | − | ||
| Post-PCI all-cause mortality | Categorical | HR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.35–2.74, P < 0.01 | 0.01-16638.72 | 50.91%, P = 0.13 | 0.15 | 1 | 2 | HR = 2.18, 95% CI: 0.97–4.87 | − | |
| Continuous | HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.28–3.12, P = 0.92 | 0.01-975086.18 | 73.95%, P = 0.02 | 0.09 | 1 | 0 | HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.28–3.12 | − | ||
| Post-PCI revascularization | Categorical | HR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.46–4.65, P < 0.01 | 0.01–2851.01 | 83.56%, P < 0.01 | 0.58 | 1 | 0 | HR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.46–4.65 | − | |
| Continuous | HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.20–3.50, P < 0.01 | 0.01-1552.36 | 89.78%, P < 0.01 | 0.20 | 1 | 0 | HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.20–3.50 | − | ||
| Post-PCI non-fetal MI | Categorical | HR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.31–3.10, P < 0.01 | 1.32–3.10 | 00.00%, P = 0.96 | 0.57 | 0.29 | 0 | HR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.31–3.10 | − | |
| Continuous | HR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.49 4.400, P < 0.01 | 0.01-1013.95 | 63.41%, P = 0.06 | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | HR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.49 4.400 | − | ||