Table 2. Thematic map of the study.

Codes	Subthemes	Themes
HRQOL outcomes are effective in healthcare sciences.	HRQOL measurements are effective in healthcare sciences.	HRQOL measurements are crucial for making healthcare decisions.
The EQ-5D-5L is an effective generic HRQOL measurement tool.
The EQ-5D-5L is easy to use and practical.
HRQOL outcomes and the EQ-5D-5L are useful in HTA.	HRQOL measurements support healthcare decision-making, particularly in HTA.
HRQOL outcomes and the EQ-5D-5L are important for policy-making.
The use of HRQOL outcomes is a convention for HTA.	HRQOL measurements are common in practice.
The use of the EQ-5D-5L is globally accepted in HTA and healthcare sciences.
There is strong confidence in the use of HRQOL outcomes and the EQ-5D-5L for HTA.
The EQ-5D-5L is commonly used for HTA in Vietnam.
‘HRQOL’ is an ambiguous term.	Lack of recognition and interpretation of HRQOL measurements.	HRQOL measurements in Vietnam still have limitations that hinder their wider use in Vietnam.
There is limited knowledge of both HRQOL outcomes and the EQ-5D-5L.
The efficacy of the EQ-5D-5L in decision-making for specific conditions is unclear.
There is no standardised approach to data collection for HRQOL measures.	Lack of standardisation in HRQOL measurement.
There is a lack of knowledge regarding how to interpret EQ-5D-5L results.
There are fluctuations in EQ-5D-5L results.
There is the potential for bias in the use of HRQOL measures and the EQ-5D-5L in decision-making.
More education on HRQOL measurement is needed.	Areas for improving HRQOL measurement in healthcare sciences.
HRQOL measurements should be integrated into healthcare policy.
HRQOL measurements should be integrated into healthcare information systems.

HRQOLhealth-related quality of lifeHTAhealth technology assessment