Table 2.
Evolution along time (2016–2022) of clinical characteristics, procedures, and hospital outcomes during hospital admission for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI; ICD-10) in Spain according to diabetes mellitus (DM) status (no DM, type 1 DM, type 2 DM)
| Variables | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population, N (%) | No DM | 13,355 (62.3) | 14,257 (62.0) | 14,889 (61.2) | 15,697 (60.8) | 13,787 (61.6) | 15,310 (61.7) | 15,762 (61.9) | |
| Type 1 DM | 97 (0.5) | 104 (0.5) | 143 (0.6) | 158 (0.6) | 135 (0.6) | 182 (0.7) | 161 (0.6) | ||
| Type 2 DM | 8001 (3.,3) | 8626 (37.6) | 9294 (38.2) | 9978 (38.6) | 8462 (37.8) | 9338 (37.6) | 9549 (37.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Sex, female, N (%) | No DM | 3974 (29.8) | 4281 (30.0) | 4408 (29.6) | 4727 (30.1) | 4096 (29.7) | 4609 (30.1) | 4675 (29.7) | 0.911 |
| Type 1 DM | 25 (25.8) | 29 (27.9) | 54 (37.8) | 62 (39.2) | 45 (33.3) | 71 (39.0) | 54 (33.6) | 0.159 | |
| Type 2 DM | 2733 (34.2) | 2906 (33.7) | 3054 (32.9) | 3238 (32.5) | 2681 (31.7) | 2955 (31.6) | 2970 (31.1) | < 0.001 | |
| Age, mean (SD) | No DM | 68.75 (14.2) | 68.8 (14.1) | 68.6 (14.1) | 68.5 (14.1) | 68.2 (14.1) | 68.4 (14.2) | 68.2 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
| Type 1 DM | 60.1 (13.6) | 58.2 (13.0) | 61.5 (13.3) | 57.3 (13.2) | 59.6 (11.7) | 60.1 (13.1) | 60.5 (12.1) | 0.100 | |
| Type 2 DM | 73.0 (11.2) | 73.0 (11.3) | 73.0 (11.2) | 73.1 (11.2) | 72.9 (11.4) | 73.0 (11.4) | 73.0 (11.4) | 0.828 | |
| Charlson’s comorbidity index, mean (SD) | No DM | 0.7 (1.2) | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.8 (1.3) | 0.8 (1.4) | 0.8 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
| Type 1 DM | 1.9 (1.5) | 1.7 (1.6) | 1.9 (1.7) | 2.3 (1.9) | 2.0 (1.8) | 1.8 (1.8) | 1.8 (1.9) | 0.057 | |
| Type 2 DM | 1.4 (1.6) | 1.4 (1.5) | 1.5 (1.7) | 1.6 (1.7) | 1.6 (1.8) | 1.6 (1.7) | 1.6 (1.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG), N (%) | No DM | 377 (2.8) | 384 (2.7) | 415 (2.8) | 485 (3.1) | 450 (3.3) | 524 (3.4) | 554 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
| Type 1 DM | 5 (5.2) | 7 (6.7) | 10 (7.0) | 11 (7.0) | 10 (7.4) | 11 (6.0) | 15 (9.3) | 0.908 | |
| Type 2 DM | 293 (3.7) | 332 (3.9) | 393 (4.2) | 402 (4.0) | 334 (4.0) | 428 (4.6) | 479 (5.0) | < 0.001 | |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), N (%) | No DM | 5836 (43.7) | 6300 (44.2) | 6457 (43.4) | 6924 (44.1) | 6367 (46.2) | 7027 (45.9) | 7200 (45.7) | < 0.001 |
| Type 1 DM | 40 (41.2) | 40 (38.5) | 63 (44.1) | 71 (44.9) | 56 (41.5) | 93 (51.1) | 80 (49.7) | 0.301 | |
| Type 2 DM | 3124 (39.1) | 3430 (39.8) | 3671 (39.5) | 4055 (40.6) | 3694 (43.7) | 4194 (44.9) | 4082 (42.8) | < 0.001 | |
| Pacemaker, N (%) | No DM | 48 (0.4) | 59 (0.4) | 61 (0.4) | 78 (0.5) | 61 (0.4) | 81 (0.5) | 68 (0.4) | 0.377 |
| Type 1 DM | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.7) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0.578 | |
| Type 2 DM | 39 (0.5) | 51 (0.6) | 61 (0.7) | 62 (0.6) | 51 (0.6) | 59 (0.6) | 68 (0.7) | 0.679 | |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator, N (%) | No DM | 18 (0.1) | 14 (0.1) | 35 (0.2) | 22 (0.1) | 33 (0.2) | 23 (0.2) | 35 (0.2) | 0.013 |
| Type 1 DM | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.439 | |
| Type 2 DM | 10 (0.1) | 14 (0.2) | 17 (0.2) | 19 (0.2) | 18 (0.2) | 20 (0.2) | 15 (0.2) | 0.813 | |
| Circulatory assist devices, N (%) | No DM | 80 (0.6) | 88 (0.6) | 81 (0.6) | 110 (0.7) | 104 (0.8) | 130 (0.9) | 129 (0.8) | 0.008 |
| Type 1 DM | 1 (1.0) | 4 (3.9) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.7) | 9 (5.0) | 3 (1.9) | 0.059 | |
| Type 2 DM | 65 (0.8) | 65 (0.8) | 84 (0.9) | 83 (0.8) | 64 (0.8) | 87 (0.9) | 93 (1.0) | 0.576 | |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), N (%) | No DM | 3 (0.0) | 5 (0.0) | 15 (0.1) | 14 (0.1) | 5 (0.0) | 15 (0.1) | 19 (0.1) | 0.006 |
| Type 1 DM | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (0.6) | 0.398 | |
| Type 2 DM | 2 (0.0) | 2 (0.0) | 4 (0.0) | 7 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | 13 (0.1) | 0.046 | |
| Mechanical ventilation, N (%) | No DM | 292 (2.2) | 345 (2.4) | 378 (2.5) | 443 (2.8) | 378 (2.7) | 411 (2.7) | 446 (2.8) | 0.005 |
| Type 1 DM | 4 (4.1) | 5 (4.8) | 12 (8.4) | 6 (3.8) | 5 (3.7) | 16 (8.8) | 10 (6.2) | 0.273 | |
| Type 2 DM | 309 (3.9) | 337 (3.9) | 457 (4.9) | 490 (4.9) | 383 (4.5) | 474 (5.1) | 483 (5.1) | < 0.001 | |
| Vasopressor drugs, N (%) | No DM | 54 (0.4) | 73 (0.5) | 123 (0.8) | 156 (1.0) | 132 (1.0) | 214 (1.4) | 177 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
| Type 1 DM | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.3) | 4 (3.0) | 7 (3.9) | 2 (1.2) | 0.123 | |
| Type 2 DM | 44 (0.6) | 72 (0.8) | 124 (1.3) | 125 (1.3) | 110 (1.3) | 145 (1.6) | 151 (1.6) | < 0.001 | |
| Length of hospital stay (LOHS), median (IQR) | No DM | 5 (8) | 5 (8) | 5 (8) | 5 (8) | 5 (7) | 5 (7) | 5 (7) | < 0.001 |
| Type 1 DM | 6 (11) | 7 (11) | 7 (11) | 7 (14) | 6 (9) | 6 (9) | 6 (11) | 0.289 | |
| Type 2 DM | 6 (10) | 6 (10) | 6 (10) | 6 (10) | 5 (9) | 6 (9) | 6 (9) | < 0.001 | |
| In-hospital mortality, N (%) | No DM | 556 (4.2) | 583 (4.1) | 660 (4.4) | 610 (3.9) | 551 (4.0) | 646 (4.2) | 598 (3.8) | 0.095 |
| Type 1 DM | 1 (1.0) | 3 (2.9) | 8 (6.0) | 11 (7.0) | 6 (4.4) | 11 (6.0) | 4 (2.5) | 0.202 | |
| Type 2 DM | 457 (5.7) | 505 (5.9) | 568 (6.1) | 543 (5.4) | 495 (5.9) | 516 (5.5) | 559 (5.9) | 0.497 |