Table 2.
Role of SDoH on influencing children with CKD QoL in Saudi Arabia (n = 50)
| Factor | Child QoL Score (100) Mean ± SD |
H/Z-test; P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Age group a | ||
| • 5–7 years | 69.5 ± 11.7 |
0.803; 0.669 |
| • 8–12 years | 68.2 ± 20.9 | |
| • 13–16 years | 65.2 ± 17.7 | |
| Child gender b | ||
| • Male | 68.7 ± 16.9 |
1.417; 0.156 |
| • Female | 66.4 ± 13.0 | |
| Residence city b | ||
| • Urban | 66.7 ± 14.1 |
0.138; 0.890 |
| • Rural | 68.9 ± 16.8 | |
| Number of family members b | ||
| • < 5 | 64.5 ± 18.1 |
1.371; 0.170 |
| • ≥ 5 | 69.3 ± 13.6 | |
| Child residency b | ||
| • House stability | 70.9 ± 10.4 |
1.245; 0.213 |
| • House instability | 63.9 ± 19.0 | |
| Parental marital status b | ||
| • Living together | 69.5 ± 12.5 |
0.816; 0.414 |
| • Separated | 56.7 ± 25.1 | |
| Nearest hospital b | ||
| • In the same city of residence | 68.5 ± 11.5 |
0.081; 0.935 |
| • Outside city of residence | 66.1 ± 20.6 | |
| Family monthly income (SAR) a | ||
| • < 5000 | 62.3 ± 19.7 |
3.081; 0.214 |
| • 5,000–10,000 | 68.2 ± 13.0 | |
| • > 10,000 | 73.4 ± 12.2 | |
| Mother education b | ||
| • High school or below | 68.2 ± 15.5 |
0.396; 0.692 |
| • Higher education | 66.9 ± 15.3 | |
| Father education b | ||
| • High school or below | 71.2 ± 14.5 |
1.833; 0.067 |
| • Higher education | 63.6 ± 15.4 | |
| Availability of education for the child b | ||
| • Unavailable/Difficult to find | 58.4 ± 17.6 |
2.825; 0.005 ** |
| • Available | 72.4 ± 11.5 | |
| Availability of diet | ||
| • Unavailable/Difficult to find | 58.3 ± 21.2 |
1.441; 0.029 ** |
| • Available | 70.0 ± 12.7 | |
| CKD stages b | ||
| • Stage 3–5 | 71.6 ± 12.9 |
2.154; 0.031 ** |
| • ESRD | 61.2 ± 16.7 | |
a P-value has been calculated using Kruskal Wallis H-test
b P-value has been calculated using Mann Whitney Z-test
** Significant at p<0.05 level