Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for MoCA items and domains by degree of impairment
| Variable | Normal (n = 10,165) | MCI (n = 3,973) | Dementia (n = 4,272) | Any impairment (n = 8,245) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | Med | Range | Skew | M | SD | Med | Range | Skew | M | SD | Med | Range | Skew | M | SD | Med | Range | Skew | |
| Visuospatial/Executive | 4.16 | 0.96 | 4 | 0–5 | −1.08 | 3.57 | 1.14 | 4 | 0–5 | −0.51 | 2.34 | 1.49 | 2 | 0–5 | 0.27 | 2.93 | 1.47 | 3 | 0–5 | −0.23 |
| Trails | 0.82 | 0.38 | 1 | 0–1 | −1.68 | 0.70 | 0.46 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.86 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0 | 0–1 | 0.46 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.15 |
| Copy | 0.66 | 0.48 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.66 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0 | 0–1 | 0.06 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0 | 0–1 | 0.88 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0 | 0–1 | 0.46 |
| Clock Total | 2.68 | 0.55 | 3 | 0–3 | −1.61 | 2.39 | 0.69 | 3 | 0–3 | −0.81 | 1.65 | 0.93 | 2 | 0–3 | 0.00 | 2.01 | 0.90 | 2 | 0–3 | −0.46 |
| Contour | 0.99 | 0.11 | 1 | 0–1 | −8.64 | 0.97 | 0.17 | 1 | 0–1 | −5.67 | 0.87 | 0.33 | 1 | 0–1 | −2.25 | 0.92 | 0.27 | 1 | 0–1 | −3.12 |
| Hands | 0.93 | 0.26 | 1 | 0–1 | −3.35 | 0.84 | 0.37 | 1 | 0–1 | −1.84 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.05 | 0.67 | 0.47 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.72 |
| Numbers | 0.77 | 0.42 | 1 | 0–1 | −1.26 | 0.58 | 0.49 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.32 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0 | 0–1 | 1.08 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0 | 0–1 | 0.34 |
| Naming | 2.85 | 0.39 | 3 | 0–3 | −2.62 | 2.71 | 0.56 | 3 | 0–3 | −1.94 | 2.30 | 0.92 | 3 | 0–3 | −1.19 | 2.50 | 0.79 | 3 | 0–3 | −1.61 |
| Attention | 5.56 | 0.83 | 6 | 0–6 | −2.44 | 5.13 | 1.14 | 6 | 0–6 | −1.50 | 3.59 | 1.93 | 4 | 0–6 | −0.34 | 4.33 | 1.77 | 5 | 0–6 | −0.92 |
| Digit Span | 1.85 | 0.40 | 2 | 0–2 | −2.60 | 1.76 | 0.49 | 2 | 0–2 | −1.91 | 1.44 | 0.71 | 2 | 0–2 | −0.86 | 1.59 | 0.64 | 2 | 0–2 | −1.29 |
| Letter Tapping | 0.96 | 0.21 | 1 | 0–1 | −4.41 | 0.89 | 0.32 | 1 | 0–1 | −2.46 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.40 | 0.74 | 0.44 | 1 | 0–1 | −1.08 |
| Serial sevens | 2.75 | 0.59 | 3 | 0–3 | −2.72 | 2.49 | 0.82 | 3 | 0–3 | −1.56 | 1.56 | 1.22 | 2 | 0–3 | −0.09 | 2.01 | 1.15 | 2 | 0–3 | −0.71 |
| Language | 2.42 | 0.78 | 3 | 0–3 | −1.21 | 2.01 | 0.93 | 2 | 0–3 | −0.57 | 1.29 | 1.05 | 1 | 0–3 | 0.20 | 1.64 | 1.06 | 2 | 0–3 | −0.19 |
| Repetition | 1.61 | 0.61 | 2 | 0–2 | −1.28 | 1.36 | 0.71 | 2 | 0–2 | −0.65 | 0.91 | 0.80 | 1 | 0–2 | 0.16 | 1.13 | 0.79 | 1 | 0–2 | −0.23 |
| Fluency | 0.81 | 0.39 | 1 | 0–1 | −1.61 | 0.65 | 0.48 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.62 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0 | 0–1 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.03 |
| Abstraction | 1.72 | 0.55 | 2 | 0–2 | −1.85 | 1.52 | 0.69 | 2 | 0–2 | −1.10 | 1.00 | 0.82 | 1 | 0–2 | 0.00 | 1.25 | 0.80 | 1 | 0–2 | −0.48 |
| Delayed Recall | 3.29 | 1.48 | 4 | 0–5 | −0.68 | 1.63 | 1.60 | 1 | 0–5 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 1.13 | 0 | 0–5 | 2.24 | 1.06 | 1.48 | 0 | 0–5 | 1.16 |
| Orientation | 5.91 | 0.32 | 6 | 0–6 | −4.56 | 5.60 | 0.76 | 6 | 0–6 | −2.54 | 3.66 | 1.93 | 4 | 0–6 | −0.42 | 4.60 | 1.78 | 5 | 0–6 | −1.18 |
| Date | 0.96 | 0.19 | 1 | 0–1 | −4.74 | 0.85 | 0.36 | 1 | 0–1 | −1.93 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0 | 0–1 | 0.36 | 0.62 | 0.49 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.50 |
| Month | 0.99 | 0.08 | 1 | 0–1 | −12.90 | 0.97 | 0.16 | 1 | 0–1 | −5.90 | 0.67 | 0.47 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.74 | 0.82 | 0.39 | 1 | 0–1 | −1.65 |
| Year | 1.00 | 0.07 | 1 | 0–1 | −14.76 | 0.97 | 0.17 | 1 | 0–1 | −5.59 | 0.64 | 0.48 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.58 | 0.80 | 0.40 | 1 | 0–1 | −1.49 |
| Day | 0.99 | 0.09 | 1 | 0–1 | −10.42 | 0.93 | 0.26 | 1 | 0–1 | −3.37 | 0.57 | 0.49 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.29 | 0.74 | 0.44 | 1 | 0–1 | −1.12 |
| Place | 0.97 | 0.16 | 1 | 0–1 | −6.06 | 0.90 | 0.30 | 1 | 0–1 | −2.71 | 0.54 | 0.50 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.16 | 0.71 | 0.45 | 1 | 0–1 | −0.95 |
| City | 0.99 | 0.08 | 1 | 0–1 | −12.48 | 0.98 | 0.14 | 1 | 0–1 | −6.88 | 0.83 | 0.38 | 1 | 0–1 | −1.73 | 0.90 | 0.30 | 1 | 0–1 | −2.68 |
| Blind Total | 18.90 | 2.44 | 19 | 4–22 | −1.21 | 15.90 | 2.98 | 16 | 3–22 | −0.56 | 10.07 | 4.78 | 10 | 0–22 | −0.18 | 12.88 | 4.96 | 14 | 0–22 | −0.63 |
| Total score | 25.91 | 3.05 | 26 | 5–30 | −1.32 | 22.17 | 3.69 | 23 | 4–30 | −0.69 | 14.71 | 6.26 | 15 | 0–30 | −0.23 | 18.31 | 6.38 | 20 | 0–30 | −0.71 |