Table 3.

Cox proportional hazard model for prediction of progression to diabetes in first-degree relatives of patients with T1D.

	Univariate		Multivariate
	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p-value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Sex (ref men)	1.43 (0.66-3.08)	0.369	−	−
Sibling of the proband (ref progenitor)	3.06 (1.15-8.12)	0.025	ns	ns
< 20 years at Abs detection (ref ≥ 20 years)	3.04 (1.28-7.25)	0.012	2.58 (1.07-6.19)	0.034
Multiple Abs in the study (ref single Ab)	4.14 (1.56-11.01)	0.004	3.63 (1.35-9.74)	0.010
Ab type (ref Ab absent)
IAA	1.13 (0.52-2.45)	0.753	−	−
GADA	1.77 (0.61-5.16)	0.294	−	−
IA2A	1.86 (0.80-4.33)	0.150	−	−
ZnT8A	1.18 (0.53-2.65)	0.691	−	−
HLA_DRB1 genotype (ref low risk)
Moderate risk	0.67 (0.20-2.19)	0.510	−	−
High risk	1.11 (0.32-3.81)	0.866	−	−

Ab, autoantibody. High risk (DR3/DR4), moderate risk (DR3/DR3, DR4/DR4, DR3/DRX, DR4/DRX), low risk (DRX/DRX). DRX corresponds to any HLA-DRB1 allele different from DR3 and DR4. DRB1*0403 allele is considered DRX. Hazard ratios (95% CI) were calculated for each variable by univariate or multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, as indicated, with follow-up time as dependent variable. ns, not significant. ref, reference value."-" means not applicable.