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. 2024 Aug 12;14:1448089. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1448089

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effects of LCN2 on Blood-Brain Barrier disruption during inflammation response (Created with BioRender.com). LCN2 disrupts the BBB by modulating the activation of astrocytes, microglia, and neutrophils, thereby amplifying the pro-inflammatory response and releasing inflammatory factors, ultimately leading to BBB leakage.