Fig. 3.

Effects of an increased S1P turnover in insulin-secreting INS1E cells on lipid species after exposure to FFA. INS1E cells were incubated in the absence or presence of PA or OA (500 μM of each) for 24 h. Thereafter, lipids (sphingosine, S1P, PA, OA, Cer = ceramide, SM = sphingomyelin) were extracted and analyzed by mass-spec as described in Methods. Shown are Means ± SEM from n = 3–6 independent experiments. ANOVA followed by Bonferroni, ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 versus untreated, #P < 0.05 versus INS1E-ctr cells treated in the same way.