Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis for kwashiorkor type malnutrition (n = 664/2308 patients).
| Univariable | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age | 1.017 (1.011–1.024) | < 0.001 | 1.000 (0.985–1.015) | 0.969 |
| Male sex | 0.767 (0.639–0.920) | 0.004 | 0.754 (0.493–1.153) | 0.192 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 1.003 (1.000–1.006) | 0.031 | 1.005 (0.998–1.012) | 0.126 |
| Heart rate | 1.017 (1.013–1.021) | < 0.001 | 1.003 (0.995–1.011) | 0.504 |
| NYHA class 3 or 4 | 2.175 (1.511–3.131) | < 0.001 | 0.497 (0.189–1.308) | 0.157 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.988 (0.821–1.189) | 0.899 | NS | |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.344 (1.110–1.628) | 0.002 | 1.209 (0.745–1.963) | 0.443 |
| Stroke | 1.424 (1.139–1.782) | 0.002 | 1.184 (0.738–1.901) | 0.484 |
| COPD | 0.916 (0.729–1.150) | 0.448 | NS | |
| Malignant tumor | 1.420 (1.132–1.782) | 0.002 | 0.755 (0.463–1.232) | 0.261 |
| RASIs | 0.897 (0.738–1.090) | 0.273 | NS | |
| Betablockers | 0.915 (0.750–1.116) | 0.380 | NS | |
| MRAs | 1.277 (1.064–1.534) | 0.009 | 0.968 (0.636–1.474) | 0.880 |
| Loop diuretics | 2.147 (1.745–2.643) | < 0.001 | 1.168 (0.722–1.891) | 0.527 |
| Statins | 0.654 (0.541–0.792) | < 0.001 | 0.683 (0.443–1.053) | 0.084 |
| Antihyperuricemic agents | 0.733 (0.585–0.919) | 0.007 | 0.853 (0.539–1.350) | 0.497 |
| ICD or CRT | 0.534 (0.398–0.715) | < 0.001 | 0.774 (0.453–1.323) | 0.349 |
| Log-BNP | 4.869 (3.903–6.073) | < 0.001 | 3.595 (2.356–5.487) | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin | 0.658 (0.626–0.693) | < 0.001 | 0.797 (0.721–0.882) | < 0.001 |
| Lymphocytes | 0.910 (0.898–0.922) | < 0.001 | 0.955 (0.932–0.977) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR | 0.989 (0.985–0.994) | < 0.001 | 1.006 (0.997–1.016) | 0.189 |
| Sodium | 0.893 (0.870–0.916) | < 0.001 | 0.932 (0.884–0.983) | 0.009 |
| Uric acid | 1.023 (0.972–1.076) | 0.384 | NS | |
| C-reactive protein | 1.446 (1.371–1.525) | < 0.001 | 1.361 (1.229–1.506) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol | 0.981 (0.977–0.985) | < 0.001 | 0.991 (0.986–0.997) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c | 1.108 (1.013–1.213) | 0.025 | 1.075 (0.881–1.311) | 0.475 |
| LVEF | 0.995 (0.988–1.002) | 0.144 | NS | |
Age, male sex, and variables with P values of < 0.05 were entered into multivariable model.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NYHA, New York Heart Association; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; RASI, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; Log-BNP, log-transformed B-type natriuretic peptide; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NS, not selected.
Age, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, log-BNP, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, eGFR, sodium, uric acid, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, HbA1c, and LVEF were analyzed as continuous variables.