Table 1. Summary of selected past studies.

Protein synthesis assay	Cell cycle assay	Medium	Conclusion	Citation
Metabolic labeling (rate of synthesis)	Isopycnic (Ludox density gradient) centrifugation of live cell	Unclear. Synthetic with and without yeast extract.	Continuous synthesis of ribosomal proteins	34
Metabolic labeling (rate of synthesis)	Age fractionation by centrifugal elutriation of live cells	Synthetic minimal	Constant exponential increase of >100 abundant proteins	6, 35
Metabolic labeling (rate of synthesis)	Age fractionation by centrifugal elutriation of live cells	Synthetic minimal	Constant exponential increase of ribosomal proteins	36
Metabolic labeling (rate of synthesis)	Isopycnic (sorbitol density gradient) centrifugation	Synthetic minimal	Invariant synthesis for ~700 abundant proteins	37
Metabolic labeling (rate of synthesis)	Isopycnic (Percoll density gradient) centrifugation of dead cells, treated with cycloheximide and sodium azide	Synthetic minimal	Non-exponential increase, rate peaks in the G2 phase	38
Mass spectrometry (overall abundance)	Release from pheromone arrest	Rich undefined (YPD)	The levels of most proteins did not change in the cell cycle	30
Mass spectrometry (overall abundance)	Centrifugal elutriation	Rich undefined (YPD)	The levels of most proteins did not change in the cell cycle	28
Mass spectrometry (overall abundance)	Release from pheromone arrest	Synthetic minimal	Ribosomal protein levels were the highest in the G1 phase	29
Ribosome profiling (translational efficiency)	Centrifugal elutriation	Rich undefined (YPD)	Translational control of most mRNAs did not change in the cell cycle	23
Ribosome profiling (translational efficiency)	Release from pheromone arrest	Rich undefined (YPD)	Translational control of most mRNAs did not change in the cell cycle	22
Fluorescence microscopy (overall abundance - reporter protein)	Unperturbed, single-cell analysis	Synthetic complete, with glucose or glycerol/ethanol as carbon sources	Constant exponential increase	39
Fluorescence microscopy (overall abundance - reporter protein)	Unperturbed, single-cell analysis	Synthetic complete	Linear increase	40
Fluorescence microscopy (overall abundance - reporter protein)	Unperturbed, single-cell analysis	Synthetic minimal, with various carbon sources	Dynamic, rate peaking in G1	41
Fluorescence microscopy (overall abundance - reporter ribosomal proteins)	Unperturbed, single-cell analysis	Synthetic minimal	Dynamic, rate peaking in G1 and G2/M	42
Fluorescence microscopy (overall abundance - reporter protein)	Unperturbed, single-cell analysis	Synthetic minimal	Dynamic, rate peaking in G1 and G2/M	43
Fluorescence microscopy (overall abundance)	Unperturbed, single-cell analysis	Rich undefined (YPD)	Dynamic, proteome concentration peaks in the late G1 phase by ~30%	22