Table 1.
Descriptive statistics in HRS, ELSA, SHARE, CHARLS and MHAS based on panel data analysis during 2010 and 2020.
| Characteristics | HRS |
ELSA |
SHARE |
CHARLS |
MHAS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Total | 60,291 | 24,185 | 146,029 | 41,290 | 27,729 |
| Age(ys), Mean(SD), Median (Q1–Q3) | 71.7 (8.3), 71 (65–78) | 71.0 (7.6), 70 (65–76) | 71.6 (8.0), 70 (65–77) | 68.1 (6.4), 67 (63–72) | 70.6 (7.6), 69 (65–76) |
| 60–69 | 27,080 (44.9) | 11,820 (48.9) | 67,448 (46.2) | 26,622 (64.5) | 14,051 (50.7) |
| 70–79 | 21,630 (35.9) | 8576 (35.4) | 51,910 (35.6) | 12,000 (29.1) | 9814 (35.4) |
| 80 and older | 11,581 (19.2) | 3789 (15.7) | 26,671 (18.2) | 2668 (6.4) | 3864 (13.9) |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 25,347 (42.0) | 11,005 (45.5) | 64,952 (44.5) | 20,592 (49.9) | 12,367 (44.6) |
| Female | 34,944 (58.0) | 13,180 (54.5) | 81,077 (55.5) | 20,698 (50.1) | 15,362 (55.4) |
| Education | |||||
| Primary school and below | 9644 (16.0) | 6567 (27.2) | 61,873 (42.4) | 37,876 (91.7) | 24,633 (88.8) |
| Secondary school | 35,601 (59.0) | 12,823 (53.0) | 53,032 (36.3) | 2719 (6.6) | 706 (2.6) |
| College and above | 15,046 (25.0) | 4795 (19.8) | 31,124 (21.3) | 695 (1.7) | 2390 (8.6) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married and partnered | 37,134 (61.6) | 16,924 (70.0) | 104,155 (71.3) | 32,797 (79.4) | 17,687 (63.8) |
| Unmarried and others | 23,157 (38.4) | 7261 (30.0) | 41,874 (28.7) | 8493 (20.6) | 10,042 (36.2) |
| Labour force status | |||||
| Not working | 43,433 (72.0) | 19,320 (79.9) | 118,024 (80.8) | 19,954 (48.3) | 19,604 (70.7) |
| Working | 16,858 (28.0) | 4865 (20.1) | 28,005 (19.2) | 21,336 (51.7) | 8125 (29.3) |
| Household wealtha | |||||
| Group 1 (most deprived) | 14,574 (24.2) | 5948 (24.6) | 36,824 (25.2) | 8175 (25.6) | 6914 (24.9) |
| Group 2 | 14,151 (23.5) | 5551 (23.0) | 35,535 (24.3) | 7590 (23.8) | 6550 (23.6) |
| Group 3 | 15,497 (25.7) | 6418 (26.5) | 36,979 (25.3) | 8217 (25.7) | 7172 (25.9) |
| Group 4 (most affluent) | 16,069 (26.6) | 6268 (25.9) | 36,691 (25.2) | 7968 (24.9) | 7093 (25.6) |
| Co-residence with childrenb | |||||
| No | 39,075 (77.4) | 20,102 (83.1) | 122,935 (84.2) | 22,488 (54.5) | 7981 (28.8) |
| Yes | 11,415 (22.6) | 4083 (16.9) | 23,094 (15.8) | 18,802 (45.5) | 19,748 (71.2) |
| Residence statusc | |||||
| Urban | 43,581 (72.3) | – | 98,958 (67.8) | 15,683 (38.0) | 19,668 (70.9) |
| Rural | 16,710 (27.7) | – | 47,071 (32.2) | 25,607 (62.0) | 8061 (29.1) |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 26,566 (44.0) | 8753 (36.2) | 84,352 (57.8) | 22,497 (54.5) | 16,905 (61.0) |
| Former | 27,650 (45.9) | 13,375 (55.3) | 41,638 (28.5) | 8480 (20.5) | 8036 (29.0) |
| Current | 6075 (10.1) | 2057 (8.5) | 20,039 (13.7) | 10,313 (25.0) | 2788 (10.1) |
| Drinking frequency | |||||
| No | 27,182 (45.1) | 3361 (13.9) | 73,690 (50.5) | 23,583 (57.1) | 21,599 (77.9) |
| Yes | 33,109 (54.9) | 20,824 (86.1) | 72,339 (49.5) | 17,707 (42.9) | 6130 (22.1) |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Inactive | 19,086 (31.7) | 5656 (23.4) | 27,591 (18.9) | 16,905 (40.9) | – |
| Moderate | 20,260 (33.6) | 11,636 (48.1) | 55,410 (37.9) | 12,695 (30.8) | – |
| Inactive and moderate | – | – | – | – | 18,633 (67.2) |
| Vigorous | 20,945 (34.7) | 6893 (28.5) | 63,028 (43.2) | 11,690 (28.3) | 9096 (32.8) |
| Number of comorbidities | |||||
| None | 5609 (9.3) | 3546 (14.7) | 7989 (5.5) | 7009 (17.0) | 5703 (20.6) |
| One | 12,969 (21.5) | 6220 (25.7) | 25,433 (17.4) | 9802 (23.7) | 8791 (31.7) |
| Two and above | 41,713 (69.2) | 14,419 (59.6) | 112,607 (77.1) | 24,479 (59.3) | 13,235 (47.7) |
| Cognitive impairmentd | |||||
| No | 39,430 (96.4) | 23,491 (97.1) | 142,372 (97.5) | 38,464 (93.2) | 26,109 (94.2) |
| Yes | 1458 (3.6) | 694 (2.9) | 3657 (2.5) | 2826 (6.8) | 1620 (5.8) |
| Difficulty in BADL | |||||
| No | 50,073 (83.1) | 20,033 (82.8) | 127,451 (87.3) | 32,691 (79.2) | 21,826 (78.7) |
| Yes | 10,218 (16.9) | 4152 (17.2) | 18,578 (12.7) | 8599 (20.8) | 5903 (21.3) |
| Diffificulty in IADL | |||||
| No | 47,294 (78.4) | 19,349 (80.0) | 116,672 (79.9) | 27,997 (67.8) | 23,625 (85.2) |
| Yes | 12,997 (21.6) | 4836 (20.0) | 29,357 (20.1) | 13,293 (32.2) | 4104 (14.8) |
| Internet exclusion | |||||
| No | 32,544 (54.0) | 16,288 (67.4) | 66,003 (45.2) | 3169 (7.7) | 9614 (34.7) |
| Yes | 27,747 (46.0) | 7897 (32.6) | 80,026 (54.8) | 38,121 (92.3) | 18,115 (65.3) |
| Depression | |||||
| No | 48,566 (80.5) | 19,870 (82.2) | 129,875 (88.9) | 25,710 (62.3) | 18,754 (67.6) |
| Yes | 11,725 (19.5) | 4315 (17.8) | 16,154 (11.1) | 15,580 (37.7) | 8975 (32.4) |
The unit of analysis is at the observation level rather than the individual level.
BADL: basic activities of daily living; CHARLS: China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study; ELSA: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; HRS: Health and Retirement Study; IADL: instrumental activities of daily living; MHAS: Mexican Health and Ageing Study; SHARE: Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.
a
For CHARLS, the question on household wealth was unavailable in W5 (n = 9340).
b
The question on co-residence with children was unavailable in HRS W15 (n = 9801).
c
For ELSA, the question on residence status was unavailable.
d
For HRS, the question on cognitive impairment was unavailable in both W14 (n = 9602) and W15 (n = 9801).