Table 3.
Attitudinal barriers for not seeking treatment among the subgroup with 12-month mental disorders who perceived a need for mental health care but did not access any, according to level of severity and survey. WMH Americas surveys.
| Any severity | Severe | Moderate | Mild | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attitudinal barrier | Survey | Total with need but no service (n) | n | % (S.E.) | n | % (S.E.) | n | % (S.E.) | n | % (S.E.) | χ22 | p-value |
| Wanted to handle own | ||||||||||||
| Argentina | 234 | 153 | 60.9 (4.8) | 27 | 38.7 (8.0) | 72 | 70.0 (5.8) | 54 | 73.0 (6.4) | 10.4 | 0.006 | |
| Brazil | 431 | 293 | 66.1 (2.9) | 116 | 65.5 (7.5) | 105 | 67.0 (6.1) | 72 | 65.7 (6.4) | 0 | 0.984 | |
| Colombia | 430 | 298 | 71.7 (3.2) | 61 | 62.5 (6.8) | 130 | 73.1 (5.1) | 107 | 76.8 (4.1) | 3.7 | 0.161 | |
| Medellin, CO | 196 | 141 | 73.4 (4.0) | 40 | 74.0 (6.8) | 56 | 66.4 (6.7) | 45 | 84.1 (6.9) | 3.2 | 0.198 | |
| Mexico | 352 | 226 | 67.1 (3.4) | 48 | 61.4 (7.2) | 98 | 68.6 (4.6) | 80 | 69.6 (5.7) | 0.9 | 0.652 | |
| Peru | 203 | 126 | 65.6 (2.9) | 21 | 52.8 (8.0) | 54 | 64.9 (5.0) | 51 | 72.1 (5.9) | 5.1 | 0.080 | |
| United States | 804 | 581 | 73.2 (1.4) | 111 | 62.7 (3.3) | 251 | 73.9 (2.8) | 219 | 79.0 (2.9) | 13.1 | 0.002 | |
| Overall | 2650 | 1818 | 69.4 (1.1) | 424 | 61.5 (2.7) | 766 | 70.5 (1.9) | 628 | 74.9 (1.9) | 15.7 | <0.001 | |
| Perceived ineffectiveness | ||||||||||||
| Argentina | 234 | 54 | 24.4 (3.9) | 19 | 30.2 (7.4) | 19 | 25.8 (6.2) | 16 | 16.3 (5.3) | 3.2 | 0.205 | |
| Brazil | 431 | 77 | 16.4 (2.5) | 41 | 20.3 (5.0) | 25 | 14.3 (3.9) | 11 | 13.1 (6.3) | 1 | 0.610 | |
| Colombia | 430 | 85 | 19.6 (2.8) | 26 | 34.4 (7.7) | 34 | 14.6 (3.4) | 25 | 15.5 (2.9) | 5 | 0.085 | |
| Medellin, CO | 196 | 39 | 17.3 (3.0) | 19 | 25.4 (5.9) | 16 | 16.3 (4.8) | 4 | -- | 4.4 | 0.115 | |
| Mexico | 352 | 55 | 13.2 (1.8) | 24 | 20.1 (4.5) | 23 | 17.2 (3.4) | 8 | 4.6 (1.8) | 18.1 | <0.001 | |
| Peru | 203 | 26 | 11.3 (2.0) | 6 | 14.6 (5.9) | 11 | 12.1 (2.8) | 9 | 8.9 (3.6) | 1.1 | 0.588 | |
| United States | 804 | 140 | 16.0 (1.3) | 46 | 26.0 (4.4) | 58 | 14.9 (1.7) | 36 | 11.1 (2.3) | 7.5 | 0.024 | |
| Overall | 2650 | 476 | 16.7 (0.9) | 181 | 24.9 (2.4) | 186 | 15.6 (1.3) | 109 | 11.2 (1.4) | 23.5 | <0.001 | |
| Stigma | ||||||||||||
| Argentina | 234 | 4 | 0.8 (0.4) | 3 | -- | 1 | -- | 0 | 0 | ++ | ++ | |
| Brazil | 431 | 41 | 7.5 (1.1) | 27 | 12.4 (2.5) | 13 | 6.4 (1.7) | 1 | -- | 14.2 | <0.001 | |
| Colombia | 430 | 59 | 12.9 (2.0) | 23 | 24.7 (5.8) | 24 | 10.6 (3.1) | 12 | 6.8 (2.4) | 7 | 0.031 | |
| Medellin, CO | 196 | 27 | 15.9 (4.1) | 14 | 25.8 (8.3) | 11 | 13.5 (5.1) | 2 | -- | 3.5 | 0.175 | |
| Mexico | 352 | 43 | 9.6 (1.4) | 20 | 16.9 (4.2) | 16 | 9.7 (2.1) | 7 | 4.4 (1.9) | 7.9 | 0.020 | |
| Peru | 203 | 22 | 10.4 (2.9) | 8 | 19.5 (6.9) | 8 | 11.0 (4.6) | 6 | 5.7 (2.6) | 3.8 | 0.150 | |
| United States | 804 | 77 | 8.9 (1.2) | 38 | 21.3 (3.2) | 28 | 7.2 (1.6) | 11 | 3.1 (0.9) | 23.5 | <0.001 | |
| Overall | 2650 | 273 | 9.3 (0.7) | 133 | 17.5 (1.7) | 101 | 8.2 (1.0) | 39 | 3.8 (0.7) | 49.4 | <0.001 | |
| Thougth would get better | ||||||||||||
| Argentina | 234 | 35 | 13.5 (2.5) | 7 | 10.1 (4.4) | 17 | 17.3 (4.7) | 11 | 12.0 (4.5) | 1.4 | 0.507 | |
| Brazil | 431 | 70 | 15.0 (2.6) | 40 | 20.7 (4.2) | 22 | 14.5 (3.8) | 8 | 6.3 (2.0) | 8.8 | 0.013 | |
| Colombia | 430 | 77 | 17.5 (2.7) | 27 | 29.3 (7.1) | 33 | 16.0 (3.9) | 17 | 10.4 (2.7) | 5.7 | 0.059 | |
| Medellin, CO | 196 | 37 | 17.9 (3.4) | 18 | 25.7 (6.2) | 15 | 19.8 (6.5) | 4 | -- | 9.6 | 0.009 | |
| Mexico | 352 | 71 | 17.7 (2.3) | 24 | 22.5 (5.0) | 29 | 19.2 (3.5) | 18 | 12.9 (3.9) | 2.2 | 0.330 | |
| Peru | 203 | 33 | 14.7 (2.6) | 9 | 22.2 (9.0) | 12 | 12.4 (3.9) | 12 | 14.3 (4.1) | 1 | 0.610 | |
| United States | 804 | 103 | 11.6 (1.4) | 43 | 23.1 (3.5) | 42 | 10.3 (1.8) | 18 | 5.8 (1.2) | 20.7 | <0.001 | |
| Overall | 2650 | 426 | 14.7 (0.9) | 168 | 22.3 (2.0) | 170 | 14.2 (1.3) | 88 | 8.7 (1.0) | 35.1 | <0.001 | |
| Problem was not severe | ||||||||||||
| Argentina | 234 | 33 | 15.8 (3.5) | 14 | 24.5 (7.6) | 11 | 10.6 (4.0) | 8 | 13.4 (6.0) | 2.3 | 0.319 | |
| Brazil | 431 | 64 | 14.8 (2.7) | 27 | 15.6 (3.5) | 26 | 14.9 (4.6) | 11 | 13.1 (5.7) | 0.2 | 0.918 | |
| Colombia | 430 | 93 | 24.4 (4.1) | 27 | 25.5 (5.6) | 41 | 29.6 (6.5) | 25 | 15.3 (3.8) | 6.5 | 0.040 | |
| Medellin, CO | 196 | 32 | 15.8 (3.1) | 14 | 21.7 (6.1) | 14 | 18.1 (5.1) | 4 | -- | 8.4 | 0.016 | |
| Mexico | 352 | 74 | 21.4 (2.9) | 22 | 23.9 (4.6) | 23 | 14.0 (3.3) | 29 | 26.7 (5.8) | 5.9 | 0.054 | |
| Peru | 203 | 57 | 28.3 (2.8) | 14 | 37.0 (8.8) | 27 | 25.9 (6.3) | 16 | 27.6 (6.0) | 1.1 | 0.570 | |
| United States | 804 | 138 | 16.6 (1.2) | 51 | 27.1 (3.6) | 57 | 15.9 (2.6) | 30 | 10.9 (1.9) | 14 | 0.001 | |
| Overall | 2650 | 491 | 18.9 (1.1) | 169 | 23.3 (1.9) | 199 | 18.7 (1.9) | 123 | 15.3 (1.6) | 10.7 | 0.005 | |
| Any attitudinal barrier | ||||||||||||
| Argentina | 234 | 226 | 96.6 (1.2) | 57 | 90.1 (3.4) | 97 | 99.4 (0.6) | 72 | 100 | ++ | ++ | |
| Brazil | 431 | 395 | 90.3 (2.0) | 158 | 89.7 (2.9) | 149 | 92.3 (3.0) | 88 | 88.0 (4.5) | 0.8 | 0.684 | |
| Colombia | 430 | 415 | 97.3 (0.7) | 93 | 97.1 (0.7) | 182 | 97.2 (1.3) | 140 | 97.5 (1.4) | 0.1 | 0.972 | |
| Medellin, CO | 196 | 188 | 96.3 (1.6) | 58 | 97.2 (2.1) | 77 | 93.5 (3.5) | 53 | 99.8 (0.2) | 4.4 | 0.110 | |
| Mexico | 352 | 324 | 93.9 (1.4) | 82 | 91.6 (4.0) | 133 | 92.0 (2.2) | 109 | 97.2 (1.3) | 4.2 | 0.121 | |
| Peru | 203 | 187 | 94.1 (1.1) | 35 | 90.3 (4.5) | 85 | 93.1 (2.2) | 67 | 97.1 (1.5) | 4 | 0.139 | |
| United States | 804 | 784 | 97.3 (0.6) | 177 | 97.9 (1.1) | 336 | 97.4 (1.1) | 271 | 96.8 (1.3) | 0.4 | 0.822 | |
| Overall | 2650 | 2519 | 95.3 (0.5) | 660 | 93.9 (1.0) | 1059 | 95.5 (0.8) | 800 | 96.2 (0.9) | 3.2 | 0.200 | |
--
Percentage less than twice the SE or sample size < 30
++
χ2 test was not computed due to an empty cell, or a cell with 100% of cases
Abbreviations: SE, Standard Error
Analyses performed on part II sample