Table 6:
Socio-demographic predictors of wanting to handle it by their own (attitudinal barrier) among the subgroup with 12-month mental disorders who perceived a need for mental health care but did not access any, in the WMH Americas Surveys. Country effect vs. overall effect.
| Variable | Overall (n = 2650) | Argentina (n = 234) | Brazil (n = 431) | Colombia (n = 430) | Medellin, Colombia (n = 196) | Mexico (n = 352) | Peru (n = 203) | United States (n = 804) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||||||||||||||
| Female | 0.7* | (0.6–1.0) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.7) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.2) | 1.3 | (0.7–2.2) | 1.0 | (0.5–2.1) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.7) | 1.1 | (0.6–2.2) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.4) | |
| Male | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | |
| χ21 (p-value) | 5.1* (0.025) | 0.1 (0.814) | 1.1 (0.284) | 0.6 (0.428) | 0.0 (1.000) | 0.0 (0.935) | 0.1 (0.709) | 0.0 (0.847) | |||||||||
| Age | |||||||||||||||||
| Age 18–49 | 1.2 | (0.9–1.8) | 1.8 | (0.7–4.4) | 0.5* | (0.3–1.0) | 0.9 | (0.4–2.4) | 1.8 | (0.7–4.7) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.8) | 1.1 | (0.3–3.4) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.4) | |
| Age ≥50 | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | |
| χ21 (p-value) | 1.3 (0.263) | 1.7 (0.188) | 4.3* (0.038) | 0.0 (0.852) | 1.7 (0.198) | 0.5 (0.488) | 0.0 (0.886) | 0.6 (0.452) | |||||||||
| Education | |||||||||||||||||
| Low / Low average | 1.1 | (0.8–1.5) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.8) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.7) | 1.1 | (0.6–2.1) | 1.3 | (0.5–3.0) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.9) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.8) | 1.1 | (0.7–1.7) | |
| High average / High | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | |
| χ21 (p-value) | 0.6 (0.444) | 0.6 (0.448) | 0.0 (0.836) | 0.1 (0.711) | 0.3 (0.587) | 0.0 (0.934) | 0.0 (0.868) | 0.2 (0.689) | |||||||||
| Marital status | |||||||||||||||||
| Married-cohabitating | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | |
| Previously married | 1.4 | (0.9–2.1) | 0.6 | (0.2–1.7) | 0.9 | (0.4–1.7) | 0.4* | (0.2–1.0) | 1.2 | (0.3–4.5) | 2.1 | (0.9–5.1) | 1.7 | (0.5–6.5) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.6) | |
| Never married | 1.0 | (0.8–1.4) | 0.6 | (0.3–1.4) | 1.3 | (0.6–2.8) | 1.7 | (0.8–3.3) | 1.1 | (0.5–2.6) | 1.2 | (0.7–2.1) | 0.9 | (0.4–1.7) | 0.6 | (0.4–1.0) | |
| χ22 (p-value) | 2.7 (0.264) | 1.8 (0.397) | 0.7 (0.689) | 7.4* (0.025) | 0.2 (0.925) | 2.9 (0.229) | 0.9 (0.629) | 3.3 (0.188) | |||||||||
| Income | |||||||||||||||||
| Low / Low average | 0.8 | (0.7–1.1) | 2.2 | (0.9–5.1) | 0.7 | (0.4–1.2) | 1.3 | (0.8–2.2) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.6) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.5) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.5) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.4) | |
| High average / High | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | |
| χ21 (p-value) | 1.7 (0.187) | 3.1 (0.077) | 1.4 (0.232) | 1.0 (0.311) | 0.5 (0.459) | 0.1 (0.707) | 0.5 (0.489) | 0.2 (0.663) | |||||||||
| Severity | |||||||||||||||||
| Severe | 0.5* | (0.3–0.7) | 0.4* | (0.2–1.0) | 2.1 | (0.9–4.9) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.9) | 1.1 | (0.4–3.1) | 1.3 | (0.6–2.7) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.8) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.6) | |
| Moderate | 0.8 | (0.6–1.0) | 1.3 | (0.6–2.8) | 1.5 | (0.8–2.9) | 1.1 | (0.6–2.0) | 0.4 | (0.2–1.1) | 1.3 | (0.7–2.3) | 0.9 | (0.4–2.0) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.7) | |
| Mild | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | 1.0 | - | |
| χ22 (p-value) | 17.8* (<0.001) | 6.2* (0.045) | 3.6 (0.166) | 0.1 (0.945) | 6.0* (0.050) | 1.0 (0.621) | 0.2 (0.899) | 0.1 (0.964) | |||||||||
Model Fit AIC = 2003.4
Data are given as adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) unless otherwise indicated
Significant at p = .05, 2-sided test
Reference categories are denoted as 1.0 −.
The degrees of freedom for each chi-square test is based upon the number of groups available in each main category
Note: each row shows a separate logistic regression model with handle own as the outcome variable, controlling for the other predictor variables (rows), survey, and all predictor-by-survey interaction dummies. The second column shows the overall adjusted predictor variable effect; the survey columns show to what extent the survey-specific adjusted predictor variable effect deviates from the overall adjusted predictor variable effect. Thus, the survey-specific effect in any given survey can be obtained by multiplying the overall aOR by the survey-specific aOR (i.e., the deviation from the overall effect)
Models include controls for groups of 12-Month DSM-IV / WMH CIDI disorders (any anxiety, any mood, any substance, and any externalized)
Intermittent explosive disorder was not assessed in Mexico and Medellin, were coded as zero; Imputed variables for alcohol and drug dependence were used for Colombia, Mexico, Peru and the U.S.; Lifetime ADHD was used in all countries, and was coded as zero for those with age > 45 in Colombia, Mexico, Peru and the U.S.