Table 6.

Case control studies Epstein Barr virus and breast cancer

Study	Country	Identification method	EBV positive breast cancer	EBV positive breast controls	Significance
Labreque 1995 [150]	United Kingdom	PCR, ISH	19/91 21%	0/21 0%	0.001
Luqmani 1995 [151]	United Kingdom	PCR, IHC	15/28 54%	0/12 0%	0.001
Bonnet 1999 [152]	France	PCR, IHC	51/100 50%	0/30 0%	0.001
Fina 2001 [153]	Algeria Europe	PCR, ISH, microdissection	162/509 32%	0/10 0%	0.001
Grinstein 2002 [154]	United States	PCR, IHC	14/33 42%	3/26 12%	0.039
Preciado 2005 [155]	Argentina	PCR, IHC	24/69 35%	0/17 0%	0.001
Fawzy 2008 [156]	Egypt	PCR, IHC	10/40 25%	0/20 0%	0.001
Joshi 2009 [157]	India	IHC	28/51 55%	0/30 0%	0.001
Lorenzetti 2010 [158]	Argentina	PCR, ISH, IHC	22/71 31%	0/48 0%	0.001
Kadivar 2011 [159]	Iran	PCR, IHC	0/100 0%	0/42 0%
Mazouni 2011 [160]	France	PCR microdissection	65/196 33%	1/15 7%	0.001
Hachana 2011 [161]	Tunisia	PCR, IHC	33/90	0/123	0.001s
Glenn 2012 [37]	Australia	PCR, in situ PCR, IHC	34/50 68%	14/40 35%	0.011s
Zekri 2012 [162]	Iraq	PCR, IHC, ISH	32/90 35%	0/20 0%	0.001s
Khabaz 2013 [163]	Jordan	PCR, IHC	24/92 26%	3/49 6%	0.001s
Yahia 2014 [164]	Sudan	PCR, ISH	49/92 53%	12/50 24%	0.001s
Mohammadizadeh 2014 [165]	Iran	PCR, IHC	6/74 8%	0/80 0%	0.001s
Richardson 2015 [166]	New Zealand	PCR	24/70 34%	9/70 13%	0.253 ns
Ahmed 2016 [167]	Egypt	IHC	11/10,710%	0/107 0%	0.001s
El Naby 2017 [168]	Egypt	PCR, IHC	10/42 24%	6/42 14%	0.689 ns
Fessahaye 2017 [169]	Eritrea	PCR, ISH, IHC	40/144 28%	4/33 12%	0.003s
Pai 2018 [170]	India	ISH	25/83 30%	0/7 0%	0.001s
Al Hamad 2020 [45]	Jordan	ISH	24/100 24%	0/20 0%	0.007s
Alinezhad 2021 [171]	Iran	PCR	9/80 11.2%	0/80 0%	0.009s
Nagi 2021 [138]	Lebanon	PCR	41/102 40%	0/14 0%	0.001s
Zhang W. 2022 [172]	China	PCR	54/140 41%	0/25 0%	0.001s
Khasawneh 2024 [141]	Jordan	PCR	18/110 16%	1/30 3%	0.001s

PCR = polymerase chain reaction, IHC = immunohistochemistry, ISH = in situ hybridisation, ns = not significant at 0.05 level