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Effect of IL-12 on the TME. IL-12 reduces the number of Tregs and TAMs in the TME, while the increase of chemokine ligands can resist the inhibition of tumor blood vessels and promote T-cell infiltration. Simultaneously, the heightened release of IFN-γ, facilitated by IL-12 through the stimulation of NF-κB, is vital in eliminating cancerous cells
