Table 1.

Summary of modified CAR-T based on targeting immune checkpoints

Target	Biological function	Tumor	Co-stimulation domain	Reference
PD1	Inhibitory receptor	TNBC	4-1BB	[77]
		MCT, NSCLC, Melanoma	CD28	[79]
		Melanoma, BL, B-ALL, OV	CD28	[80]
		CRC	4-1BB	[83]
		B-ALL	CD28, 4-1BB	[85]
PD-L1	Ligand for PD1	BC, HCC	4-1BB	[81]
		Melanoma	CD28	[82]
HLA-G	Inhibitory ligand	Choriocarcinoma, CML	CD28, 4-1BB	[87]
TIM3	Inhibitory receptor	CCA,	4-1BB	[70]
LAG-3	Inhibitory receptor	CML, BL	4-1BB	[69]
TIGIT	Inhibitory receptor	T-ALL, CCA, OV	CD28	[91]
CTLA-4	Inhibitory receptor	Lymphoma	4-1BB	[92]
		B-ALL	CD28, 41BB	[93]
CD47	Inhibitory receptor	NHL	4-1BB	[89]
		BC, CRC	CD28	[90]

Abbreviations: B-ALL, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; BC, breast cancer; BL, Burkitt lymphoma; CCA, cervical cancer; CML, chronic myelogenous leukemia; CRC, colorectal cancer; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HLA-G, human leucocyte antigen-G; LAG-3, lymphocyte activating gene-3; MCT, mastocytoma; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; OV, ovarian cancer; T-ALL, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; TIGIT, T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains; TIM3, T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer