Figure 1. Detergent removal workflows for methods discussed in this review.

In these methods, membrane protein enrichment is done prior to detergent removal. FASP exchanges detergent to urea using 10–30 kDa cut-off filters. Samples are reduced, alkylated and digested on the same filter. SP3 depletes detergent after protein binding to paramagnetic carboxylate beads (CMMBs) while SP4 depletes detergent following protein precipitation with organic solvents with or without glass beads. S-Trap captures protein aggregates in S-buffer (phosphoric acid/methanol) over borosilicate glass filters placed over a reverse-phase membrane to capture digested peptides. In SP3, SP4 and S-Trap, samples are reduced and alkylated prior to detergent removal.