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. 2024 Aug 22;19:8621–8640. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S469350

Table 3.

Examples of Combination BBR with the PTT/PDT Therapy Based on Nano Preparation

Therapy Laser Combined (Drug) Cellular Model Carrier Dosage of Administration in vivo Effect of Combination Ref.
PTT 808 nm for 5 min
(1 W/cm2)		 / SMMC-7721,
HL-7702.		 Gold mesoporous silica Inject PBS, FA-JGMSNs (20 mg/kg), JGMSNs-BBR (25 mg/kg), FA-JGMSNs-BBR (25 mg/kg), free BBR (5 mg/kg) every 3 days. FA-JGMSNs-BBR combining with RT displayed higher tumor inhibition rates than BBR, FA-JGMSNsBBR or FA-JGMSNs with RT. (no data) [48]
447 nm for 4 min (80 J/cm2) / Caski,
HaCaT.		 Nanoemulsions / Cell viability (24 h)

  1. BBR Nps (BN) (1.25 μM):


Caski: 90%
HaCaT: 83%

  1. BN combined with PDT:


Caski: 27.59%
HaCaT: 46.12%		 [98]
808 nm for 3 min (2W/cm2) / A549 Nanoparticles 5 mg/kg dose of BBR;
Collect 2 mL blood from the femoral artery at 24 h postinjection.		 With the intrinsic anti-cancer potentials of BBR and ZnO, photothermal effects of ZnO NPs induced by laser irradiation can elevate therapeutic efficacies for A549 cells. (no data) [69]
785 nm for 5 min (2 W/cm2) / HT-29 Rod-like keratin nanoparticles (KNPs) / IC50 (Enough concentration to kill 50% of the cells) (48 h)

  1. KNPs: >2000 μg/mL

  2. BERB: 62 ± 18 μg/mL

  3. KNPs/BERB: 1200 ± 45 μg/mL

 [99]
808 nm laser for 5 min (1 W/cm2) Camptothecin (CPT) A549 Supramolecular
nanodrugs		 / IC50 (at the same dosage)

  1. CPT


24 h: 4.49 ± 0.34 μM
48 h: 0.90 ± 0.10 μM
72 h: 0.43 ± 0.10 μM

  1. BBR-OH


24 h: 33.71 ± 1.79 μM
48 h: 21.12 ± 4.99 μM
72 h: 14.18 ± 3.72 μM

  1. ICG


24 h: 134.30 ± 17.86 μM
48 h: 89.91 ± 12.46 μM
72 h: 72.72 ± 7.83 μM

  1. ICG (with laser irradiation)


24 h: 13.65 ± 0.49 μM
48 h: 10.56 ± 3.25 μM
72 h: 6.86 ± 0.48 μM

  1. CPT-ss-BBR


24 h: 5.93 ± 0.35 μM
48 h: 1.16 ± 0.30 μM
72 h: 0.63 ± 0.10 μM

  1. CPT-ss-BBR/ICG NPs


24 h: 5.48 ± 0.38 μM
48 h: 0.93 ± 0.12 μM
72 h: 0.48 ± 0.06 μM

  1. CPT-ss-BBR/ICG NPs (with laser irradiation)


24 h: 3.06 ± 0.11 μM
48 h: 0.36 ± 0.11 μM
72 h: 0.21 ± 0.08 μM		 [100]
PDT 447 nm LED for 4 min (1.2 mW/cm2) / T98G PLGA / Apoptotic percentages

  1. BBR: 5.07%

  2. BBR-S: 51.20%

  3. BBR-S LED: 69.80%

 [101]
808 nm laser for 10 min (0.75 W/cm2) / A549 Gold nanoclusters There is a noticeable reduction in cell viability percentage for cells subjected to AuNC@BBR@Ghost-associated PDT, compared to those treated with bare AuNCs, BBR-associated PDT, and the AuNC@BBR complex-associated PDT. / [102]