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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 26.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Dermatol Res. 2024 Aug 22;316(8):554. doi: 10.1007/s00403-024-03275-8

Table 2:

Odds Ratios of Health Outcomes

Quality of life is fair or poor
(n = 188,595)
Delayed care due to an obstacle
(n = 190,199)
Has not seen a doctor in the past year
(n = 190,199)
Vitiligo 1.28 (0.98–1.66) 1.04 (0.86–1.26) 0.71 (0.50–1.01)
Race/Ethnicity
Caucasian Ref Ref Ref
Black 1.08 (1.03–1.13)* 0.95 (0.92–0.98)* 1.27 (1.21–1.33)*
Hispanic 1.09 (1.04–1.15)* 0.98 (0.95–1.01) 1.44 (1.38–1.51)*
Other 1.31 (1.22–1.40)* 1.07 (1.03–1.12)* 1.32 (1.25–1.39)*
Female vs. Male 0.94 (0.91–0.97)* 1.43 (1.40–1.46)* 0.93 (0.91–0.96)*
Age
18–39 Ref Ref Ref
40–59 1.61 (1.55–1.68)* 0.67 (0.65–0.69)* 0.60 (0.58–0.62)*
60–79 0.88 (0.85–0.92)* 0.25 (0.24–0.25)* 0.34 (0.33–0.36)*
80+ 0.35 (0.31–0.38)* 0.10 (0.10–0.11)* 0.22 (0.20–0.24)*
Education Level
Non-high school graduate Ref Ref Ref
High school graduate 0.93 (0.88–0.99)* 1.11 (1.06–1.17)* 1.01 (0.95–1.08)
College graduate 0.61 (0.57–0.65)* 1.00 (0.95–1.05) 0.92 (0.86–0.98)*
Advanced degree 0.49 (0.46–0.53)* 0.95 (0.90–1.00)* 0.90 (0.84–0.96)*
Household Income
<$25k Ref Ref Ref
$25k-$50k 0.68 (0.65–0.71)* 1.12 (1.09–1.16)* 0.99 (0.94–1.03)
$50k-$100k 0.38 (0.37–0.40)* 0.81 (0.78–0.83)* 0.95 (0.91–1.00)*
$100k-$200k 0.23 (0.21–0.24)* 0.61 (0.59–0.63)* 0.88 (0.84–0.93)*
>$200k 0.13 (0.12–0.15)* 0.47 (0.45–0.49)* 0.88 (0.82–0.93)*
Born in the US 1.26 (1.20–1.33)* 1.11 (1.08–1.15)* 1.07 (1.02–1.12)*
Has health insurance 1.03 (0.97–1.09) 0.67 (0.64–0.70)* 0.37 (0.35–0.39)*
Number of difficulties in daily activities 1.90 (1.86–1.93)* 1.25 (1.23–1.27)* 0.80 (0.78–0.82)*
Number of comorbidities 1.39 (1.34–1.44)* 1.00 (0.97–1.03) 0.52 (0.49–0.55)*
Intercept 0.18 (0.16–0.19)* 1.50 (1.42–1.59)* 0.63 (0.59–0.68)*
*

Significant at the 0.05 level Ref = reference