TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the cohort, stratified by COVID-19 status and by frailty status
| Variable | Total (n=521) | COVID-19 (n=99) | p | Non-COVID-19 (n=422) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| Frail (n=20) | Non-Frail (n=79) | Frail (n=158) | Non-Frail (n=264) | ||||
| Patient Characteristics | |||||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 58.8 (14.9) | 66.2 (17.4) | 59.4 (14.7) | .07 | 61.8 (14.0) | 56.2 (14.8) | .0001 |
| Female, n (%) | 206 (39.5) | 6 (30.0) | 33 (41.8) | .34 | 65 (41.1) | 102 (38.6) | .61 |
|
| |||||||
| ICU Characteristics, n (%) | |||||||
| Academic | 112 (21.5) | 4 (20.0) | 6 (7.6) | .32 | 37 (23.4) | 65 (24.6) | .67 |
| Tertiary | 158 (30.3) | 4 (20.0) | 23 (29.1) | 47 (29.7) | 84 (31.8) | ||
| Community | 151 (29.0) | 7 (35.0) | 23 (29.1) | 44 (27.8) | 77 (29.2) | ||
| Regional | 100 (19.2) | 5 (25.0) | 27 (34.2) | 30 (19.0) | 38 (14.4) | ||
|
| |||||||
| Unit Admitted From, n (%) | |||||||
| Emergency | 162 (31.1) | 3 (15.0) | 22 (27.8) | .05 | 49 (31.0) | 88 (33.3) | .18 |
| ICU/CCU | 10 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (5.1) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (1.9) | ||
| OR/Recovery | 7 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.3) | 5 (1.9) | ||
| Rural Hospital | 89 (17.1) | 8 (40.0) | 11 (13.9) | 19 (12.0) | 51 (19.3) | ||
| Ward | 185 (35.5) | 7 (35.0) | 39 (49.4) | 61 (38.6) | 78 (29.5) | ||
| Other | 68 (13.1) | 2 (10.0) | 3 (3.8) | 26 (16.5) | 37 (14.0) | ||
|
| |||||||
| Severity of Illness | |||||||
| CFS at admit, Mean (SD) | 4.1 (1.6) | 5.9 (1.0) | 3.3 (0.9) | <.001 | 5.9 (0.6) | 2.5 (1.0) | <.001 |
| SOFA at admit, Mean (SD) | 8.1 (4.0) | 8.0 (3.1) | 6.3 (4.2) | .07 | 9.3 (3.8) | 8.0 (3.9) | .002 |
| APACHE II, Mean (SD) | 22.8 (8.0) | 24.8 (5.1) | 19.2 (8.4) | .001 | 25.7 (8.1) | 22.0 (7.4) | <.0001 |
| APACHE IV, Mean (SD) | 76.5 (29.0) | 84.5 (23.5) | 66.4 (32.1) | .004 | 85.3 (29.3) | 73.7 (26.7) | <.0001 |
| First PF Ratio, Mean (SD) | 130.3 (56.2) | 119.0 (62.7) | 116.3 (51.5) | .89 | 140.7 (60.5) | 129.0 (53.3) | .04 |
| Dialysis at admission, n (%) | 13 (2.5) | 1 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | .05 | 8 (5.1) | 4 (1.5) | .034 |
ICU = intensive care unit; APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CFS = clinical frailty scale score; OR = operating room; PF ratio = perfusion to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio; SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.