Table 2.
Tumor and Surgical Characteristics
| Characteristics | Total (n = 423) | Plastic Surgeon Involved | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 148) | Yes (n = 275) | |||
| Tumor left side, no. (%) | 215 (50.8) | 82 (55.4) | 133 (48.4) | 0.167 |
| Tumor localization, no. (%) | 0.122 | |||
| Upper inner quadrant | 67 (15.8) | 17 (11.5) | 50 (18.2) | |
| Lower inner quadrant | 44 (10.4) | 17 (11.5) | 27 (9.8) | |
| Upper outer quadrant | 185 (43.7) | 71 (48.0) | 114 (41.5) | |
| Lower outer quadrant | 72 (17.0) | 22 (14.9) | 50 (18.2) | |
| Central | 13 (3.1) | 3 (2.0) | 10 (3.6) | |
| Overlapping | 42 (9.9) | 18 (12.2) | 24 (8.7) | |
| Histologic finding, no. (%) | 0.347 | |||
| IDC | 227 (53.7) | 74 (50.0) | 153 (55.6) | |
| IDLC | 68 (16.1) | 25 (16.9) | 43 (15.6) | |
| ILC | 34 (8.0) | 10 (6.8) | 24 (8.7) | |
| DCIS | 68 (16.1) | 28 (19.9) | 40 (14.5) | |
| LCIS | 5 (1.2) | 4 (2.7) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Other | 21 (5.0) | 7 (4.7) | 14 (5.1) | |
| cT category, no. (%)a | 0.001 | |||
| In situ | 74 (17.5) | 32 (21.6) | 42 (15.3) | |
| 1a | 9 (2.1) | 6 (4.1) | 3 (1.1) | |
| 1b | 63 (14.9) | 32 (21.6) | 31 (11.3) | |
| 1c | 152 (35.9) | 49 (33.1) | 103 (37.5) | |
| 2 | 118 (27.9) | 27 (18.2) | 91 (33.1) | |
| 3 | 6 (1.4) | 2 (1.4) | 4 (1.5) | |
| 4 | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | |
| cN category, no. (%)a | 0.864 | |||
| 0 | 386 (91.3) | 137 (92.6) | 249 (90.5) | |
| 1 | 29 (6.9) | 9 (6.1) | 20 (7.3) | |
| 2 | 3 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | |
| 3 | 5 (1.2) | 1 (0.7) | 4 (1.5) | |
| Neoadjuvant therapy, no. (%) | 109 (25.8) | 32 (21.6) | 77 (28.0) | 0.153 |
| Maximum radiologic diameter of disease,b mean ± SD, mm | 18.0 ± 13.2 | 13.1 ± 8.9 | 20.7 ± 14.4 | 0.001 |
| Localization technique, no. (%)a | 0.001 | |||
| Palpation | 64 (15.1) | 12 (8.1) | 52 (18.9) | |
| Wire | 258 (61.0) | 51 (34.5) | 207 (75.3) | |
| Ultrasound | 4 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.5) | |
| Iodine-125 | 98 (23.2) | 85 (57.4) | 13 (4.7) | |
| Category of reconstruction technique, no. (%)c | 0.001 | |||
| 1 | 237 (56.0) | 147 (99.3) | 90 (32.7) | |
| 2 | 68 (16.1) | 1 (0.7) | 67 (24.4) | |
| 3 | 104 (24.6) | 0 (0.0) | 104 (37.8) | |
| 4 | 14 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (5.1) | |
| Shave, no. (%) | 84 (19.9) | 25 (16.9) | 59 (21.5) | 0.262 |
| Maximum pathologic lumpectomy diameter, mean ± SD, mm | 58.8 ± 19.2 | 59.6 ± 19.7 | 58.4 ± 18.8 | 0.559 |
| Incomplete resection, no. (%) | 38 (9.0) | 19 (12.8) | 19 (6.9) | 0.065 |
| Additional surgery, no. (%) | 39 (9.2) | 19 (12.8) | 20 (7.3) | 0.077 |
cN, clinical lymph node status; cT, clinical primary tumor size; DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; IDC, invasive ductal carcinoma; IDLC, invasive ductolobular carcinoma; ILC, invasive lobular carcinoma; LCIS, lobular carcinoma in situ; TNM, tumor, lymph node, and metastasis.
TNM classification following the American Joint Committee on Cancer’s Cancer Staging Manual, Eighth Edition (Guiliano AG, Connolly JL, Edge SB, et al. Breast cancer: major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer Eighth Edition Cancer Staging Manual. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67:290–303).
Maximum diameter of total area to be excised, including all foci of pathologically proven invasive tumor and carcinoma in situ and nonmass enhancement.
1: Primary closure; 2: volume rearrangement; 3: volume reduction; 4: volume replacement.