Table 2.
Univariate Analyses of Variables Associated with Bone Graft Failure
| Predictor Variables | Graft Failure (n = 49), No. (%) | Graft Success (n = 851), No. (%) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Female sex | 26 (53.1) | 340 (40.0) | 1.70 (0.95–3.03) | 0.072 |
| Older age at grafting (≥12 yrs) | 14 (28.6) | 112 (13.2) | 2.64 (1.38–5.06) | 0.003 |
| Cleft type and history | ||||
| Syndromic diagnosis | 10 (20.4) | 94 (11.0) | 2.07 (0.99–4.27) | 0.051 |
| Cleft palate (compared with cleft alveolus) | 43 (87.8) | 753 (88.5) | 0.92 (0.39–2.25) | 0.877 |
| Bilateral cleft | 17 (34.7) | 339 (39.8) | 0.80 (0.44–1.47) | 0.475 |
| Cleft repaired in United States | 36 (73.5) | 616 (72.4) | 0.95 (0.49–1.82) | 0.869 |
| Cleft repaired at any outside institution | 30 (61.2) | 360 (42.3) | 2.15 (1.19–3.88) | 0.011 |
| Presurgical orthopedic appliance | 15 (48.4) | 345 (56.3) | 0.72 (0.35–1.49) | 0.378 |
| History of failed bone graft | 11 (22.4) | 46 (5.4) | 5.07 (2.43–10.55) | <0.001 |
| Dental history | ||||
| Presence of erupted lateral incisor | 3 (6.1) | 84 (9.9) | 0.60 (0.18–1.96) | 0.393 |
| Presence of erupted canine | 26 (53.1) | 148 (17.4) | 5.37 (2.98–9.67) | <0.001 |
| Presence of impacted teeth in cleft site | 1 (2.0) | 90 (10.9) | 0.17 (0.02–1.26) | 0.084 |
| Extraction of erupted cleft-adjacent teeth before graft | 11 (22.4) | 507 (59.6) | 0.20 (0.10–0.39) | <0.001 |
| Extraction of erupted cleft-adjacent teeth at the time of graft | 8 (16.3) | 94 (11.0) | 1.57 (0.72–3.45) | 0.261 |
| Pregraft maxillary expansion | 34 (69.4) | 543 (63.8) | 1.29 (0.69–2.40) | 0.429 |
| Pregraft orthodontic treatment | 7 (14.3) | 102 (12.0) | 1.22 (0.54–2.80) | 0.632 |
| Premaxillary osteotomy at time of labiopalatal repair | 3 (6.1) | 35 (4.1) | 1.51 (0.45–5.10) | 0.504 |
| Premaxillary osteotomy at time of graft | 14 (28.6) | 92 (10.9) | 3.28 (1.70–6.33) | <0.001 |
| Presence of a visible oronasal fistula | 25 (52.1) | 269 (31.7) | 2.34 (1.31–4.20) | 0.004 |
| Graft-related factors | ||||
| Large bony cleft defect (≥7.5 mm) | 22 (73.3) | 239 (41.7) | 3.84 (1.68–8.78) | 0.001 |
| Presence of bony palatal bridge | 7 (23.3) | 258 (44.8) | 0.38 (0.16–0.89) | 0.026 |
| Procedure performed earlier in grafting surgeon’s career (first quartile of cases) | 19 (38.8) | 206 (24.2) | 1.98 (1.09–3.59) | 0.025 |