Table 4. Summary on the estimate of MDR for gram-negative bacteria in HIV-positive individuals.
| Bacterial species | Estimate (95% CI) by infection and colonization | Overall pooled estimate (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infection | Colonization | I2 (%) | p-value | ||
| E. coli | 68.27 (52.33–84.22) | 41.44 (27.21–55.68) | 62.39 (45.30–79.49) | 69.7 | 0.003 |
| Klebsiella spp. | 65.11 (41.10–89.11) | 26.47 (-2.35–55.29) | 58.89 (34.40–83.39) | 88.3 | < 0.001 |
| Proteus spp. | 52.94 (5.41–100.48) | 75.00 (26.00–124.00) | 63.64 (29.52–97.75) | 0.0 | 0.727 |
| Citrobacter spp. | 66.47 (39.24–93.70) | 44.44 (-4.25–93.14) | 61.70 (38.36–85.04) | 0.0 | 0.447 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 20.00 (-58.40–98.40) | - | 20.00 (-58.40–98.40) | NA | NA |
| Enterobacter spp. | 73.37 (47.26–99.49) | 16.67 (-34.98–68.32) | 57.11 (25.47–88.74) | 36.1 | 0.196 |
| Pseudomonas spp. | 84.60 (71.95–97.24) | - | 84.60 (71.95–97.24) | 0.0 | 0.584 |
| Salmonella spp. | 63.01 (40.07–85.95) | 57.14 (8.65–105.64) | 61.94 (41.20–82.68) | 0.0 | 0.971 |
| Shigella spp. | 38.71 (11.15–66.27) | 33.33 (-32.00–98.67) | 37.90 (12.51–63.29) | 0.0 | 0.882 |
| H. influenzae | 77.78 (46.98–108.58) | 33.33 (-32.00–98.67) | 65.28 (26.11–104.44) | 31.3 | 0.228 |
Note. CI: confidence interval, NA: not applicable.