Table 1.
Characteristics of ICOSS-2 participants categorized by body mass index status (N = 5919).
| Variable | Normal weight | Overweight | Obesity | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, total number | 3406 | 1710 | 803 | -- |
| PASC score, mean (SD) | 1.0 (3.0) | 1.2 (3.6) | 2.9 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| PASC score ≥12 | 93 (2.7) | 58 (3.4) | 74 (9.2) | <0.001 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 43.2 (17.7) | 48.4 (16.4) | 47.5 (15.8) | <0.001 |
| Sex | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 1097 (32.2) | 828 (48.4) | 294 (36.6) | |
| Female | 2309 (67.8) | 882 (51.6) | 509 (63.4) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | |||
| White/Caucasian | 1580 (46.4) | 837 (48.9) | 535 (66.6) | |
| Asian | 1557 (45.7) | 757 (44.3) | 201 (25.0) | |
| Other | 269 (7.9) | 116 (6.8) | 67 (8.3) | |
| Smoking status | 0.19 | |||
| Never or less than once per month | 2736 (80.3) | 1351 (79.0) | 633 (78.8) | |
| Less than once per week | 88 (2.6) | 52 (3.0) | 15 (1.9) | |
| 1–5 days per week | 96 (2.8) | 38 (2.2) | 19 (2.4) | |
| Every day or almost daily | 486 (14.3) | 269 (15.7) | 136 (16.9) | |
| Weekly physical activity score, mean (SD) | 1.9 (2.4) | 1.9 (2.3) | 1.5 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Urbanicity | 1871 (54.9) | 976 (57.1) | 525 (65.4) | <0.001 |
| ≤6 months have elapsed since the first mRNA vaccination | 2818 (82.7) | 1336 (78.1) | 648 (80.7) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 21.0 (2.1) | 26.0 (1.7) | 33.4 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Reported a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result | 270 (7.9) | 145 (8.5) | 100 (12.5) | <0.001 |
| Regularly sleeping less than 6 hours per night | 474 (13.9) | 314 (18.4) | 180 (22.4) | <0.001 |
| Regularly sleeping more than 9 hours per night | 97 (2.8) | 69 (4.0) | 25 (3.1) | 0.08 |
| Insomnia severity index score, mean (SD) | 7.5 (5.6) | 8.3 (5.9) | 10.1 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| High risk for moderate-to-severe insomnia | 420 (12.3) | 279 (16.3) | 230 (28.6) | <0.001 |
| High risk for obstructive sleep apnea | 119 (3.5) | 159 (9.3) | 166 (20.7) | <0.001 |
| History of type 2 diabetes | 75 (2.2) | 72 (4.2) | 64 (8.0) | <0.001 |
| History of hypertension | 299 (8.8) | 357 (20.9) | 272 (33.9) | <0.001 |
| History of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 271 (8.0) | 152 (8.9) | 118 (14.7) | <0.001 |
| History of depression | 341 (10.0) | 235 (13.7) | 217 (27.0) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as numbers (percentages) unless otherwise stated. Group comparisons were conducted using Chi-Square tests for categorical variables and generalized linear models for continuous variables (where P values refer to the main effect of BMI status). A significance level of P < .05 was used to determine statistical significance. PASC post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2.