Fig. 1.

Locations from where samples of (top) H. mediterraneus and (bottom) H. atlanticus were collected. Depth ranges^11,12, temperature and salinity of H. mediterraneus depth range⁸¹, diets^45,46, age at maturity^12,13 and longevity^8–10 were extracted from the literature, whereas the temperature and salinity ranges for H. atlanticus were extracted by plotting depth profiles (Supplementary information Fig. S2) via Argo buoy data⁸². The drawing of the world map and the specific geographic areas were designed using an image from Freepik (https://www.freepik.es/).