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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Feb 27;231(5):552.e1–552.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.02.291

Table 4.

Multivariable linear regression for stem villi and terminal villi parameters

Stem Villi Terminal Villi
Outcome Variable Estimate CI p Estimate CI p
Number of villi Effect of FGRAREDV −114 (−298, 70) 0.22 −873 (−1501, −246) < 0.01
Effect of HDP −282 (−467, −97) < 0.01 294 (−336, 925) 0.35
Total villous area (mm2) Effect of FGRAREDV −1.0 (−4.1, 2.0) 0.51 −1.5 (−2.7, −0.4) < 0.01
Effect of HDP −4.3 (−7.3, −1.2) < 0.01 0.2 (−1.0, 1.3) 0.77
Number of blood vessels Effect of FGRAREDV −1865 (−5383, 1653) 0.29 −5165 (−8201, −2128) < 0.01
Effect of HDP −4967 (−8501, −1433) < 0.01 1554 (−1497, 4605) 0.31
Total blood vessel area (mm2) Effect of FGRAREDV −0.4 (−1.3, 0.5) 0.41 −0.6 (−1.1, −0.1) 0.02
Effect of HDP −0.7 (−1.7, 0.2) 0.13 0.1 (−0.4, 0.6) 0.79

Separate multivariable linear regression models were performed for stem villi and terminal villi. The “Effect of FGRAREDV” estimate (β1) represents the mean difference between subjects with FGRAREDV as compared to pregnancies with fetuses that were appropriately grown for gestational age (AGA). The “Effect of HDP” estimate (β2) represents the mean difference between subjects with HDP and those without hypertension. Model intercept (β0) not shown.

HDP, hypertensive disease of pregnancy; FGRAREDV, fetal growth restriction with absent or reversed umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry