Table 2.

Adherence to Guba and Lincoln Standards for trustworthiness in this study

Standard	Description
Credibility	Researchers conducted member checking with a subset of 5 participants, who reviewed 5 randomly selected reflection paper transcripts to verify the accuracy of interpretations. Peer debriefing was also used to discuss coding processes and challenge biases.
Confirmability	An audit trail was maintained, documenting data collection procedures, coding decisions, and theme development, allowing for external verification of the findings.
Dependability	Researchers followed a structured qualitative coding protocol, involving initial independent coding of a subset of papers, joint review, code refinement, and ongoing collaborative coding and discussion to ensure consistency.
Transferability	Rich descriptions of the research setting, participant characteristics, and data collection/analysis procedures were provided, allowing readers to assess the applicability of findings to other contexts.