Table 2.
Univariate analyses and logistic regression of the factors associated with stunting among school children
| Variable | Total, N (%), N = 1205 | Stunting | COR (95% CI) | P-value | AOR (95% CI)a | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present, N (%), N = 571 | Absent, N (%), N = 634 | ||||||
| Age | |||||||
|
6–9 years 10 – 12 years |
443 (36.8) 762 (63.2) |
231 (52.1) 340 (44.6) |
212 (47.9) 422 (55.4) |
1.4 (1.1–1.7) 1 |
0.012 | 1 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 0.014 |
| Gender | |||||||
|
Male Female |
624 (51.8) 581 (48.2) |
232 (37.2) 339 (58.3) |
392 (62.8) 242 (41.7) |
1 2.4 (1.9–3.0) |
< 0.001 |
1 2.3 (1.8–3.0) |
< 0.001 |
| Family economic statusb | |||||||
| Poor | 880 (73.0) | 479 (54.4) | 401 (45.6) | 3.0 | < 0.001 | 1 | < 0.001 |
| Not poor | 325 (27.0) | 92 (28.3) | 233 (71.7) |
(2.3–4.0) 1 |
2.2 (1.5–3.2) | ||
| Family size | |||||||
|
< 5 people ≥ 5 people |
630 (52.3) 575 (47.7) |
208 (33.0) 363 (63.1) |
422 (67.0) 212 (36.9) |
1 3.5 (2.7–4.4) |
< 0.001 |
1 3.0 (2.4–3.9) |
< 0.001 |
| Mother’s literacy | |||||||
|
Literate Illiterate |
208 (17.3) 997 (82.7) |
51 (24.5) 520 (52.2) |
157 (75.5) 477 (47.8) |
1 3.4 (2.4–4.7) |
< 0.001 |
1 1.6 (1.0–2.6) |
0.038 |
| Father’s (guardian of family) occupation | |||||||
|
With job Jobless |
994 (82.5) 211 (17.5) |
414 (41.6) 157 (74.4) |
580 (58.4) 54 (25.6) |
1 4.1 (2.9–5.7) |
< 0.001 |
1 3.3 (2.3–4.8) |
< 0.001 |
| Habit of nail biting | |||||||
|
Yes No |
186 (15.4) 1019 (84.6) |
100 (53.8) 471 (46.2) |
86 (46.2) 548 (53.8) |
1.4 (1.0–1.9) 1 |
0.058 | – | – |
| Handwashing after defecating/before eating | |||||||
|
Yes No |
939 (77.9) 266 (22.1) |
436 (46.4) 135 (50.8) |
503 (53.6) 131 (49.2) |
1 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
0.213 | – | – |
| Toilet availability | |||||||
| Yes | 1108 | 520 (46.9) | 588 (53.1) | 1 | 0.286 | – | |
| No (open defecation) |
(92.0) 97 (8.0) |
51 (52.6) | 46 (47.4) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | – | ||
| Sanitation | |||||||
| Good | 123 (10.2) | 54 (43.9) | 69 (56.1) | 1 | 0.414 | – | |
| Poor | 1082 (89.8) | 517 (47.8) | 565 (52.2) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | – | ||
| Take breakfast before coming to school | |||||||
| Yes | 1013 (84.1) | 459 (45.3) | 554 (54.7) | 1 | 0.001 | 1 | 0.001 |
| No | 192 (15.9) | 112 (58.3) | 80 (41.7) | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | ||
AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio, CI Confidence interval, COR Crude odds ratio, N Number
aVariables with non-significance on bivariate analysis were not included in logistic regression model
bFamily economic status: Poor = Family which earn < 170 Afghanis (< 1.90 USD) per person per day. Not poor = Family which earn ≥ 170 Afghanis (≥ 1.90 USD) per person per day