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. 2024 Aug 27;24:2324. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19392-y

Table 2.

Characteristics of sample (n = 28,917)

Characteristic
Mean Standard deviation
Age (years) 55.8 17.2
Minimum Maximum
Age (years) 16 100
Frequency %
Mode of delivery
 Standard 22,750 78.7
 Hybrid 4,168 14.4
 Modified 1,999 6.9
Sexa
 Female 18,260 63.1
 Male 10,656 36.9
 Missing 1
WIMD quintile
 1 (most deprived) 5,512 19.6
 2 5,818 20.7
 3 5,997 21.3
 4 5,956 21.1
 5 (least deprived) 4,884 17.3
Local health board
 Aneurin Bevan 4,973 17.2
 Betsi Cadwallader 8,787 30.4
 Cardiff and the Vale 4,023 13.9
 Cwm Taf 4,151 14.4
 Hywel Dda 3,385 11.7
 Powys 1,206 4.2
 Swansea Bay 2,392 8.3
Pathway
 Back care 1,069 3.7
 Generic 16,361 56.6
 Level 4b 4,840 16.7
 Mental health 2,189 7.6
 Weight management 4,458 15.4
Referrer type
 GP 11,368 39.3
 Physiotherapist 9,417 32.6
 Practice nurse 3,510 12.1
 Other 4,621 16.0
 Missing 1

a’Sex’ rather than ‘gender’ recorded in NERS database

bLevel 4 includes those on the following pathways: cancer, cardiac, falls prevention, lifestyle, pregnancy, pulmonary and stroke (see Supplementary Material 1)