. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 27.

Published in final edited form as: Am Heart J. 2022 Feb 24;248:42–52. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.02.010

Table I.

Patient characteristics and descriptions

Patient characteristics
Measure	Description
Demographics	Consists of age, highest education level, ethnicity, and race.
Health services and insurance	Consists of insurance coverage, location of primary healthcare (at study site or not), and driving time to regular healthcare location.
Health literacy^{36, 37}	Measured by two single-item health literacy screeners asking about needing help reading material from doctors or the pharmacy and confidence in filling out medical forms by themselves.
Numeracy^{38, 39}	Measured by two scales, it includes 6 items combined from a 3-item subjective numeracy scale and a modified 8-question subjective numeracy scale measuring people’s beliefs about their skill in math and preferences for numeracy presentation.
Digital literacy	Measures confidence one has in using computers, smartphones, or other electronic devices to accomplish the things patients need to do online.