Table 3.
Highlights of research articles supporting different biomarkers for the prediction of reverse remodeling. CHF: chronic heart failure; HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, LV: left ventricle; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDVi: left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, LVESVi: left ventricular end-systolic volume index; RR: reverse remodeling
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|---|---|---|---|
| AUTHOR, YEAR | STUDY POPULATION (N) | END POINT | OUTCOME/FINDING |
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| NT-proBNP | |||
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| Weiner et al. 201335 | HFrEF (LVEF < 40%) (N = 116) |
Improvement in LVEF, LVEDVi, LVESVi | NT-proBNP measurement associated with RR |
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| Gaggin et al. 201437 | HFrEF (N = 151) |
Clinical outcome | Baseline NT-proBNP predicts clinical outcome |
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| Cho et al. 201860 | DCM and AHF | LVEF ≥ 50% | Decrease in NT-proBNP between initial presentation and discharge (> 1633.5 pg/mL), predictor for RR at 6 months |
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| Daubert et al. 201961 | HFrEF (LVEF ≤ 40%) (N = 268) |
Improvements in LVESVi, LVEDVi, EF, | NT-proBNP < 1,000 pg/mL associated with RR |
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| Januzzi et al. 201962 |
HFrEF (LVEF ≤ 40%) with elevated natriuretic peptides (N = 654) |
Improvement in LVEF, LVEDVi, LVESVi | A decrease in NT-proBNP over time is associated with RR |
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| Troponin | |||
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| Sato et al. 200138 | DCM (N = 60) |
Improvement in LVEF, LVDd | TnT levels during follow-up < 0.02 ng/mL are associated with RR |
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| Chia et al. 200840 | STEMI (N = 378) |
Functional and clinical outcome | TnI at 72 hours > 55 ng/mL was associated with a large infarct size and low LVEF |
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| Miller et al. 200963 | CHF (N = 172) |
Clinical outcome | Elevated cTnT (> 0.01 ng/mL) are associated with increased risk of events |
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| O’Connor et al. 201139 | AHF (N = 288) |
Clinical outcome | Positive cTnT (> 0.03 ng/mL) are associated with a worse outcome |
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| Felker et al. 201264 | ADHF (N = 808) |
Clinical outcome | cTnI above 99% percentile predicts in-hospital outcome |
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| Gaggin et al. 201437 | HFrEF (N = 151) |
Clinical outcome | Baseline Hs-TnT predicts outcome |
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| Felker et al. 201565 | AHF (N = 1074) |
Clinical outcome | Hs-cTnT are associated with worse outcome |
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| Brooks et al. 201641 | LVEF ≤ 35% post-myocardial infarction (N = 231) |
Improvement in LVEF | Peak troponin levels are associated with RR |
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| Soluble ST2 | |||
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| Weinberg et al. 200345 | LVEF ≤ 30% (N = 161) |
Clinical outcome | Change in sST2 was associated with clinical outcome |
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| Daniels et al. 201047 | Heart failure history, symptoms or risk factors (N = 588) | 1 year mortality | sST2 (> 28.25 ng/mL) independent predictor for 1 year mortality |
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| Bayes-Genis et al. 201248 | CHF (N = 891) |
Clinical outcome | sST2 associated with mortality |
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| Gaggin et al. 201437 | HFrEF (N = 151) |
Improvement in LVEF, LVESVi, LVEDVi | Serial sST2 predicts RR |
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| Ky et al. 201149 | HFrEF (N = 1141) |
Clinical outcome | sST2 (> 36.3 ng/mL) associated with adverse outcome |
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| Lupon et al. 201566 | LVEF < 40% (N = 304) |
LVEF increase with > 15% LVEF increase with 10% + reduction of LVESDi > 20% or LVESVi ≥ 40% |
sST2 levels < 48 ng/mL was associated with RR |
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| Galectin-3 | |||
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| Tang et al. 201154 | HFrEF (LVEF ≤ 35%) (N = 178) | Functional and clinical outcome | No relation between baseline levels galectin-3 and echocardiographic indices; high levels associated with poor clinical outcome |
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| Motiwala et al. 201351 | HFrEF (N = 151) |
Functional and clinical outcome | Serial follow-up with galectin-3 < 20 ng/L: associated with lower event rate and increase in LVEF |
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| Lok et al. 201352 | HFrEF (N = 240) |
Functional and clinical outcome | Galectin-3 levels are associated with change in LVEDV and predictor of mortality |
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| Weir et al. 201355 | HFrEF (N = 100) |
LV remodeling | No correlation between galectin-3 and RR |
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