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. 2024 Jun 4;4(4):338–417. doi: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00068

Table 2. Common Denaturants Used for Proteomic Sample Preparation.

Denaturant Notes
8 M Urea Nonvolatile, chemically reactive, limit heating, must be diluted to <2 M before trypsin addition
1–5% Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) Cheap, strong denaturation and hydrophobicity, must be removed before trypsin
1-5% Sodium deoxycholate Hydrophobic for membrane proteins, easy to remove due to precipiation with acid
n-Dodecyl-β-maltoside expensive, low amounts can be used with trypsin and LC-MS
Triton X-100 Do not use this; if samples already have this or NP-40, proceed with protein precipitation