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. 2024 Aug 27;11:928. doi: 10.1038/s41597-024-03611-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Panel a. Top left: Professional fields of the 261 participants. Middle: Distribution of type of devices for the 317 recording sites. Bottom left: type of protocol implemented. Right: Photos of the two main recording devices used: Open Acoustic Devices AudioMoth (top) and Wildlife Acoustics SM4 (bottom). Panel b. Association between the measured acoustic indices and tagging types and the presence of geophonical (Geo), biophonical (Bio) and anthropophonical (Ant) events detected manually by the contributors. Model estimates and associated 95% confidence intervals are represented with points and bars, respectively. Positive and negative estimates with confidence intervals not overlapping zero indicate positive and negative associations, respectively. Panel c. Radial barplots depicting the mean anthropophony and biophony level values per site, combining all protocols, recorded hourly throughout each period of COVID-19 containment levels. Panel d. Model predictions and associated 95% confidence intervals for NDSI, biophony (birds) and anthropophony (engine noise) levels at 8:00 a.m. during the COVID-19 confinement measures, following the expert protocol only. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.010, *p < 0.050, ns: p > 0.050.