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. 2024 Jun 28;20(8):5511–5527. doi: 10.1002/alz.14047

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

PKCδ modulates Aβ‐enhanced cytokine production and NF‐κB pathway in vitro. BV‐2 microglial cells were subjected to various treatments as indicated. (A–C) mRNA levels of IL‐1β (A), IL‐6 (B), and TNF‐α (C) were determined by qRT‐PCR. n = 3 biological replicates, one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. (D–F) Protein levels of IL‐1β (D), IL‐6 (E), and TNF‐α (F) in the culture medium were determined by ELISA. n = 3 biological replicates, one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. (G–L) Western blot analysis of PKCδ, p‐p65 (pSer536), p65, p‐IκBα (pSer32/36), and IκBα in cell lysates. n = 3 biological replicates, two‐way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test. Data represent mean ± SD, n = 3 biological replicates; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001. Aβ, amyloid beta; ELISA, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; IκBα, inhibitor of kappa B alpha; IL‐1β, interleukin 1 beta; IL‐6, interleukin 6; mRNA, messenger RNA; NF‐κB, nuclear factor kappa B; PKCδ, protein kinase C delta; qRT‐PCR, quantitative real‐time PCR; TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.