Table 1.
Distribution of carbapenemases among carbapenem-non-susceptible Gram-negative bacterial species by year in Hesse, Germany, 2016–2019.
| Carbapenemase | Species | Year | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before 2017 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |||
| KPC | K. pneumoniae | 18 | 28 | 11 | 13 | 70 |
| E. coli | 3 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 21 | |
| C. freundii | 3 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 20 | |
| Enterobacter spp. | – | 1 | 4 | 4 | 9 | |
| C. portucalensis | – | – | 2 | – | 2 | |
| C. koseri | – | – | – | 2 | 2 | |
| K. aerogenes | – | – | 2 | – | 2 | |
| K. variicola | – | 1 | 2 | – | 2 | |
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | |
| Raoultella planticola | – | – | 2 | – | 2 | |
| All species | 24 | 37 | 38 | 33 | 132 | |
| NDM | K. pneumoniae | 2 | 3 | 13 | 16 | 34 |
| E. coli | – | 2 | 2 | 14 | 18 | |
| C. freundii | – | – | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | – | – | 2 | 2 | 4 | |
| C. portucalensis | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |
| Enterobacter spp. | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | |
| K. oxytoca | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |
| All species | 2 | 5 | 19 | 36 | 62 | |
| VIM | S. marcescens | – | 3 | 6 | 8 | 17 |
| K. michiganensis | – | 6 | 3 | 2 | 11 | |
| C. freundii | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 10 | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | – | 3 | 4 | – | 7 | |
| K. pneumoniae | – | 5 | – | 1 | 6 | |
| Enterobacter spp. | – | – | 2 | 2 | 4 | |
| Proteus mirabilis | – | – | – | 3 | 3 | |
| C. portucalensis | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |
| All species | 1 | 20 | 18 | 20 | 59 | |
| OXA-48 and | K. pneumoniae | – | 11 | 31 | 19 | 61 |
| OXA-48-like | E. coli | 1 | 6 | 10 | 35 | 52 |
| C. freundii | – | 1 | 6 | 8 | 15 | |
| S. marcescens | – | 2 | – | 4 | 6 | |
| Enterobacter spp. | – | – | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| C. braakii | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |
| K. michiganensis | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |
| K. oxytoca | – | 1 | – | – | 1 | |
| K. variicola | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | |
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |
| All species | 1 | 21 | 49 | 71 | 142 | |
| OXA-23 | A. baumannii | 1 | 15 | 7 | 13 | 36 |
| OXA-72 | A. baumannii | 2 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 15 |
| OXA-58 | A. baumannii | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| GES-11 | A. baumannii | – | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| SHV-38 | K. pneumoniae | – | – | – | 3 | 3 |