Table 2.
Levels of heme-related markers in Non-AAA and AAA and their association with AAA prevalence (odds ratio (OR)) and diagnostic potential for AAA (area under curve (AUC))
| Marker | Non-AAA | AAA | p-value | Adjusted p-valuea |
OR1 | 95% CI1 | AUC2 | 95% CI2 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hpx (mg/mL), mean (SD) | 1.56 (1.0) | 1.94 (1.03) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 1.42 | 1.16–1.77 | 0.66 | 0.60–0.72 | < 0.001 |
| HO-1 (ng/mL), mean (SD) | 3.70 (1.53) | 2.92 (1.39) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.51 | 0.38–0.66 | 0.68 | 0.63–0.74 | < 0.001 |
| Heme (µM), mean (SD) | 23.46 (12.2) | 37.69 (23.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 2.48 | 1.92–3.28 | 0.71 | 0.66–0.77 | < 0.001 |
| Hb (g/L), mean (SD) | 148.1 (10.1) | 147.0 (11.2) | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.90 | 0.73–1.10 | 0.54 | 0.48–0.60 | 0.10 |
|
Hp type, n (%) Hp1-1 Hp2-1 Hp2-2 |
50 (17.9) 136 (48.8) 93 (33.3) |
23 (16.2) 68 (47.9) 50 (35.9) |
0.83 | 0.73 |
0.92 Ref 1.10 |
0.51–1.62 - 0.70–1.72 |
0.52 | 0.46–0.57 | 0.27 |
|
Hp genotype, n (%) GG GA AA |
177 (63.4) 92 (33.0) 10 (3.6) |
85 (59.9) 49 (34.5) 8 (5.6) |
0.55 | 0.85 |
Ref 1.11 1.67 |
- 0.72–1.71 0.62–4.37 |
0.52 | 0.47–0.57 | 0.20 |
Hpx: Hemopexin; HO-1: Heme-oxygenase-1; Hb: Hemoglobin; Hp: Haptoglobin.a Model a: Adjusted for smoking ≥ 15 pack-years, CVD, and medication (hypertension, lipid, metformin) Model b presented in Table S11. 1 Odds ratios and 95% CI for standardized (continuous) biomarkers (mean = 0 and SD = 1). 2 AUC, 95% CI, and p-value for AUC calculated using ROC analysis with AAA v/s non-AAA as outcome