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. 2024 Aug 27;24:2327. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19272-5

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — (a) Mediation analysis of psychosocial factors associated with intervention and caregiver safe disposal consistency. (b) Mediation analysis of psychosocial factors associated with intervention and child latrine training intensity⁺. Path a numbers represent unstandardized coefficients of single regression models measuring the association between the intervention and each psychosocial factor. Path b numbers represent unstandardized coefficients of multiple regression models measuring the association between the psychosocial factors and the behavioral outcome. Shaded boxes represent psychosocial factors that had significant indirect effects (ab), indicating these factors mediated the effect of the intervention on the behavioral outcome; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001. ⁺Latrine training intensity was measured by six-point Likert. Caregivers were asked, “During the last week, when your child needed to defecate, how often did you take your child to the latrine and teach them how to use it?” with responses from 0 (never) to 5 ((almost) always (100%))