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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 28.
Published in final edited form as: Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2020 Dec 17;12(2):101637. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101637

Table 1.

Prevalence of human pathogens by Ixodes species and life-stage by state and region, 2013 – 2019.

Region State Species, life stage Total no. positive ticks (% positive [95 % C.I.])
Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. Borrelia miyamotoi Borrelia mayonii †† Anaplasma phagocytophilum Babesia microti
Northeast
ME I. scapularis No. ticks tested No. ticks tested No. ticks tested No. ticks tested No. ticks tested
Nymph 154 27 (17.53 [12.34–24.31]) 154 1 (0.65 [0.03–3.59]) 154 5 (3.25 [1.39–7.37]) 154 6 (3.90 [1.80–8.24])
Adult
NY I. scapularis
Nymph 299 50 (16.72 [12.92–21.37]) 299 9 (3.01 [1.59–5.62]) 299 27 (9.03 [6.28–12.82]) 299 36 (12.04 [8.82–16.22])
Adult
PA I. scapularis
Nymph 115 26 (22.61 [15.92–31.07]) 115 0 (0.00 [0.00–3.23]) 1 0 (0.00 [0.00–94.87]) 115 3 (2.61 [0.89–7.39]) 115 0 (0.00 [0.00–3.23])
Adult
VT I. scapularis
Nymph 716 170 (23.74 [20.77–26.99]) 716 5 (0.70 [0.30–1.62]) 716 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.53]) 716 39 (5.45 [4.01–7.36]) 716 31 (4.33 [3.07–6.08])
Adult 2152 1249 (58.04 [55.94–60.11]) 2155 24 (1.11 [0.75–1.65]) 2153 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.18]) 2155 174 (8.07 [7.00–9.30]) 2155 76 (3.53 [2.83–4.39])
Total
Nymph 1284 273 (21.26 [19.11–23.58]) 1284 15 (1.20 [0.71–1.92]) 717 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.53]) 1284 74 (5.76 [4.62–7.17]) 1284 73 (5.69 [4.55–7.10])
Adult 2152 1249 (58.04 [55.94–60.11]) 2155 24 (1.11 [0.75–1.65]) 2153 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.18]) 2155 174 (8.07 [6.99–9.30]) 2155 76 (3.53 [2.83–4.39])
Mid-Atlantic
DC I. scapularis
Nymph 253 62 (24.51 [19.61–30.16]) 253 2 (0.79 [0.22–2.84]) 253 1 (0.40 [0.02–2.20]) 253 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.50])
Adult
KY I. scapularis
Nymph 13 0 (0.00 [0.00–22.81]) 13 0 (0.00 [0.00–22.81]) 13 0 (0.00 [0.00–22.81]) 13 0 (0.00 [0.00–22.81]) 13 0 (0.00 [0.00–22.81])
Adult
MD I. scapularis
Nymph 168 39 (23.21 [17.47–30.15]) 168 4 (2.38 [0.93–5.96]) 168 4 (2.38 [0.93–5.96]) 168 0 (0.00 [0.00–2.24])
Adult
NC I. scapularis
Nymph 378 46 (12.17 [9.25–15.85]) 378 4 (1.06 [0.41–2.69]) 378 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.01]) 378 5 (1.32 [0.57–3.06]) 378 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.01])
Adult 89 38 (42.70 [32.93–53.06]) 89 1 (1.12 [0.06–6.09]) 89 0 (0.00 [0.00–4.14]) 89 2 (2.25 [0.62–7.83]) 89 0 (0.00 [0.00–4.14])
VA I. scapularis
Nymph 1276 205 (16.07 [14.15–18.18]) 1277 17 (1.33 [0.83–2.12]) 804 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.48]) 1277 51 (3.99 [3.05–5.21]) 1277 2 (0.16 [0.04–0.57])
Adult 329 129 (39.21 [34.09–44.58]) 329 9 (2.74 [1.45–5.12]) 329 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.15]) 329 10 (3.04 [1.66–5.50]) 329 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.15])
Total
Nymph 2088 352 (16.85 [15.31–18.52]) 2089 27 (1.29 [0.89–1.87]) 1195 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.32]) 2089 61 (2.92 [2.28–3.73]) 2089 2 (0.09 [0.02–0.35])
Adult 418 167 (39.95 [35.37–44.72]) 418 10 (2.39 [1.30–4.35]) 418 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.91]) 418 12 (2.87 [1.65–4.95]) 418 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.91])
Midwest
IN I. scapularis
Nymph 721 107 (14.84 [12.43–17.62]) 721 10 (1.39 [0.76–2.53]) 721 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.53]) 721 6 (0.83 [0.38–1.80]) 721 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.53])
Adult 1686 612 (36.30 [34.04–38.62]) 1686 21 (1.25 [0.82–1.90]) 1686 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.23]) 1686 41 (2.43 [1.80–3.28]) 1686 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.23])
MI I. scapularis
Nymph 287 16 (5.57 [3.46–8.86]) 287 1 (0.35 [0.02–1.95]) 287 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.32]) 287 6 (2.09 [0.96–4.49]) 287 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.32])
Adult 535 113 (21.12 [17.87–24.78]) 535 4 (0.75 [0.29–1.91]) 535 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.71]) 536 31 (5.78 [4.10–8.09]) 536 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.71])
MN I. scapularis
Nymph 2004 464 (23.15 [21.36–25.05]) 2004 19 (0.95 [0.61–1.48]) 2004 12 (0.60 [0.34–1.04]) 2004 109 (5.44 [4.53–6.52]) 2004 85 (4.24 [3.44–5.21])
Adult 148 48 (32.43 [25.42–40.34]) 148 4 (2.70 [1.06–6.74]) 148 0 (0.00 [0.00–2.53]) 148 7 (4.73 [2.31–9.44]) 148 0 (0.00 [0.00–2.53])
WI I. scapularis
Nymph 929 930 930 930 930
122 (13.13 [11.11–15.46]) 16 (1.72 [1.06–2.78]) 3 (0.32 [0.11–0.94]) 38 (4.09 [2.99–5.56]) 12 (1.29 [0.74–2.24])
Adult 69 35 (50.72 [39.21–62.17]) 69 4 (5.80 [2.28–13.98]) 69 0 (0.00 [0.00–5.27]) 69 7 (10.14 [5.00–19.49]) 69 7 (10.14 [5.00–19.49])
Total
Nymph 3941 709 (17.99 [16.82–19.22]) 3942 46 (1.17 [0.88–1.55]) 3942 15 (0.38 [0.23–0.62]) 3942 159 (4.03 [3.46–4.69]) 3942 97 (2.46 [2.02–2.99])
Adult 2438 808 (33.14 [31.30I 35.04]) 2438 33 (1.35 [0.97–1.89]) 2438 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.16]) 2439 86 (3.53 [2.86–4.33]) 2439 7 (0.29 [0.14I 0.59])
Southeast
AL I. scapularis n n n n n
Nymph 3 0 (0.00 [0.00–56.15]) 3 0 (0.00 [0.00–56.15]) 3 0 (0.00 [0.00–56.15]) 3 0 (0.00 [0.00–56.15]) 3 0 (0.00 [0.00–56.15])
Adult 22 0 (0.00 [0.00–14.87]) 22 0 (0.00 [0.00–14.87]) 22 0 (0.00 [0.00–14.87]) 22 0 (0.00 [0.00–14.87]) 22 0 (0.00 [0.00–14.87])
MS I. scapularis
Nymph
Adult 70 0 (0.00 [0.00–5.20]) 70 0 (0.00 [0.00–5.20]) 70 0 (0.00 [0.00–5.20]) 70 0 (0.00 [0.00–5.20]) 70 0 (0.00 [0.00–5.20])
TN I. scapularis
Nymph 3 0 (0.00 [0.00–56.15]) 3 0 (0.00 [0.00–56.15]) 3 0 (0.00 [0.00–56.15]) 3 0 (0.00 [0.00–56.15]) 3 0 (0.00 [0.00–56.15])
Adult 211 5 (2.37 [1.02–5.43]) 211 2 (0.95 [0.26–3.39]) 211 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.79]) 211 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.79]) 211 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.79])
Total
Nymph 6 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.39]) 6 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.39]) 6 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.39]) 6 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.39]) 6 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.39])
Adult 303 5 (1.65 [0.71–3.80]) 303 2 (0.66 [0.18–2.37]) 303 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.25]) 303 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.25]) 303 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.25])
Northwest
OR I. pacificus
Nymph
Adult 243 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.56]) 243 2 (0.82 [0.23–2.95]) 243 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.56]) 243 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.56]) 243 0 (0.00 [0.00–1.56])
WA I. pacificus
Nymph 20 1 (5.00 [0.26–23.61]) 20 0 (0.00 [0.00–16.11]) 15 0 (0.00 [0.00–20.39]) 20 0 (0.00 [0.00–16.11]) 20 0 (0.00 [0.00–16.11])
Adult 501 17 (3.39 [2.13–5.37]) 501 11 (2.20 [1.23–3.89]) 387 0 (0.00 [0.00 – 0.98]) 501 8 (1.60 [0.81–3.12]) 501 0 (0.00 [0.00 – 0.76])
Total
Nymph 20 1 (5.00 [0.89–23.61]) 20 0 (0.00 [0.00–16.11]) 15 0 (0.00 [0.00–20.39]) 20 0 (0.00 [0.00–16.11]) 20 0 (0.00 [0.00–16.11])
Adult 744 17 (2.28 [1.43–3.63]) 744 13 (1.75 [1.03–2.97]) 630 0 (0.00 [0.00 – 0.61]) 744 8 (1.08 [0.55–2.11]) 744 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.51])
Total Ixodes spp.
Nymph 7336 1335 (18.20 [17.33–19.10]) 7341 88 (1.20 [0.97–1.47]) 5872 15 (0.26 [0.15–0.42]) 7341 294 (4.00 [3.58–4.45]) 7341 172 (2.34 [2.02–2.71])
Adult 5963 2246 (37.67 [36.44–38.90]) 5988 82 (1.37 [1.10–1.70]) 5850 0 (0.00 [0.00–0.07]) 6059 280 (4.62 [4.12–5.18]) 6059 83 (1.37 [1.11–1.69])

ME: Maine; NY: New York; PA: Pennsylvania; VT: Vermont; DC: Washington, D.C.; KY: Kentucky; MD: Maryland; NC: North Carolina; VA: Virginia; IN: Indiana; MI: Michigan; MN: Minnesota; WI: Wisconsin; AL: Alabama; MS: Mississippi; TN: Tennessee; OR: Oregon; WA: Washington.

††

Testing for B. mayonii was not initiated until 2017, thus samples tested prior to 2017 were not tested for B. mayonii.