Table 2.2.

Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors for Suicide in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).

Potentially modifiable factors associated with higher suicide risk
Symptoms and life events Suicidal ideation with a well-developed plan and/or intent to act Hopelessness Anxiety Impulsivity Psychotic symptoms Stressful life events (e.g., financial stress and victimization)
Comorbid conditions Posttraumatic stress disorder Substance use disorders (especially alcohol use disorder) Comorbid personality disorders (especially cluster B personality disorders) Sleep disorders Chronic painful medical conditions (e.g., migraine headaches and arthritis)