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Examples of epibiosis and damages related to entanglements on Paramuricea clavata. (a) Several colonies show large masses of epibionts. Some typical epibionts such as (b) the encrusting sponge Dysidea avara (Schmidt, 1862), (c) hydrozoans, and (d) the branched bryozoan Adeonella calveti Canu & Bassler, 1930. (e) Colonies entangled in lost lines and (f) nets scraping portions of the coenenchime (white arrows). Scale bars: (a) 10 cm; (b–d) 2 cm; (e,f) 5 cm.
