Table 1.
The repeated explored sites with the occurrence of Paramuricea clavata forests in the three areas of the Ligurian coast.
| Year | Site | Lat. (N) |
Long. (E) |
Transect ID |
Depth (m) |
N Colony |
Density (col m−2) |
Epibiosis % |
Entanglement % |
Av. H ± SE (cm) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Area A1 | 2016 | Mesco Cape | 44.13108 | 9.63407 | PMMN_S2_T2 | 47 | 64 | 1.3 | 9.4 | 7.8 | 28.8 ± 2.3 |
| 2019 | 66 | 0.5 | 15.9 | 4.5 | 20.3 ± 1.3 | ||||||
| 2022 | 66 | 0.8 | 9.1 | 3.0 | 23.6 ± 0.9 | ||||||
| 2015 | Manara Cape W | 44.243216 | 9.40207 | SLMO_S3_T1 | 59 | 82 | 0.9 | 20.7 | 3.7 | 38.4 ± 2.2 | |
| 2019 | 107 | 4.1 | 40.0 | 77.6 | 35.5 ± 1.7 | ||||||
| 2019 | SLMO_S3_T3 | 41 | 198 | 2.0 | 73.0 | 21.2 | 30.2 ± 0.9 | ||||
| 2022 | 284 | 3.6 | 56.0 | 1.1 | 28.0 ± 1.1 | ||||||
| 2015 | SLMO_S3_T4 | 47 | 228 | 2.5 | 10.1 | 1.3 | 47.3 ± 2.2 | ||||
| 2019 | 95 | 1.4 | 89.4 | 46.3 | 35.0 ± 1.1 | ||||||
| 2022 | 94 | 1.0 | 39.4 | 3.2 | 29.0 ± 1.7 | ||||||
| 2015 | Manara Cape E | 44.24516 | 9.40409 | SLMO_S2_T1 | 55 | 119 | 1.6 | 16.0 | 0.8 | 34.3 ± 2.3 | |
| 2019 | 212 | 2.6 | 76.0 | 22.2 | 35.3 ± 1.0 | ||||||
| 2015 | SLMO_S2_T2 | 64 | 97 | 1.0 | 9.3 | 4.1 | 32.2 ± 2.2 | ||||
| 2019 | 94 | 1.8 | 37.5 | 9.6 | 25.5 ± 1.1 | ||||||
| 2016 | Portofino Cape | 44.2923 | 9.22313 | AMPP_S1_T3 | 60 | 174 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 1.1 | 31.7 ± 1.2 | |
| 2019 | 115 | 1.2 | 58.8 | 9.6 | 32.7 ± 1.6 | ||||||
| 2022 | 50 | 0.6 | 10.0 | - | 28.2 ± 1.3 | ||||||
| 2016 | Isuela Shoal | 44.33713 | 9.14897 | AMPP_S3_T2 | 33 | 838 | 10.6 | 24.6 | 2.7 | 24.2 ± 1.5 | |
| 2019 | 833 | 8.3 | 36.0 | 1.6 | 29.2 ± 1.0 | ||||||
| 2022 | 649 | 6.6 | 8.8 | - | 30.8 ± 0.7 | ||||||
| 2016 | AMPP_S3_T3 | 52 | 332 | 3.8 | 15.1 | 6.9 | 24.9 ± 1.5 | ||||
| 2019 | 247 | 4.4 | 33.0 | 11.7 | 28.7 ± 1.5 | ||||||
| 2022 | 104 | 1.2 | 53.1 | 1.0 | 28.5 ± 0.9 | ||||||
| Area A2 | 2015 | Arenzano-Varazze | 44.38512 | 8.6996 | NOAR_S1_T2 | 40 | 337 | 4.3 | 11.6 | 2.1 | 34.3 ± 1.3 |
| 2018 | 411 | 5.1 | 60.3 | 42.8 | 33.2 ± 1.2 | ||||||
| 2021 | 315 | 3.6 | 79.0 | 31.0 | 21.0 ± 0.9 | ||||||
| 2015 | Vado Ligure | 44.2603 | 8.46638 | NOAR_S2_T1 | 48 | 277 | 3.4 | 12.3 | 9.0 | 34.6 ± 2.0 | |
| 2018 | 207 | 4.0 | 28.5 | 50.7 | 31.1 ± 1.4 | ||||||
| 2015 | NOAR_S2_T2 | 63 | 184 | 1.5 | 12.5 | 14.2 | 30.0 ± 2.0 | ||||
| 2018 | 144 | 3.0 | 78.5 | 22.2 | 34.5 ± 1.2 | ||||||
| 2021 | 152 | 3.2 | 44.0 | 8.0 | 22.3 ± 1.0 | ||||||
| 2015 | NOAR_S2_T3 | 56 | 72 | 0.9 | 5.6 | 4.2 | 13.4 ± 1.5 | ||||
| 2018 | 81 | 1.5 | 66.7 | 76.5 | 25.3 ± 1.2 | ||||||
| 2016 | Savona A | 44.28739 | 8.50042 | SVCL_S3_T2 | 45 | 291 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 22.0 | 29.8 ± 1.6 | |
| 2019 | 158 | 3.9 | 51.0 | 21.5 | 28.7 ± 0.9 | ||||||
| 2022 | 314 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 9.2 | 25.0 ± 0.6 | ||||||
| 2016 | Savona B | 44.27878 | 8.52335 | SVCL_S2_T3 | 58 | 309 | 3.3 | 6.1 | 37.5 | 25.6 ± 1.7 | |
| 2019 | 125 | 2.6 | 76.7 | 72.0 | 35.3 ± 1.7 | ||||||
| 2022 | 482 | 12.4 | 38.0 | 19.9 | 25.1 ± 0.8 | ||||||
| 2015 | Maledetti Shoal | 44.22381 | 8.43657 | NOAR_S4_T1 | 58 | 610 | 5.3 | 1.7 | 47.3 | 21.7 ± 1.0 | |
| 2018 | 276 | 2.8 | 42.4 | 84.4 | 25.2 ± 1.0 | ||||||
| 2015 | NOAR_S4_T2 | 68 | 69 | 4.2 | 8.8 | 29.8 | 17.8 ± 1.5 | ||||
| 2018 | 179 | 2.3 | 7.8 | 97.2 | 27.8 ± 1.2 | ||||||
| 2021 | 89 | 2.1 | 28.2 | 12.8 | 12.5 ± 1.2 | ||||||
| 2018 | NOAR_S4_T4 | 56 | 271 | 3.2 | 42.1 | 87.8 | 29.8 ± 1.4 | ||||
| 2021 | 138 | 1.6 | 36.0 | 14.0 | 19.1 ± 0.7 | ||||||
| 2018 | NOAR_S4_T5 | 62 | 382 | 3.8 | 20.7 | 79.8 | 26.3 ± 1.3 | ||||
| 2021 | 352 | 4.2 | 30.0 | 58.0 | 21.5 ± 0.7 | ||||||
| 2018 | NOAR_S4_T7 | 53 | 68 | 0.7 | 10.3 | 36.8 | 15.8 ± 0.8 | ||||
| 2021 | 84 | 0.8 | 12.9 | 21.4 | 11.6 ± 0.5 | ||||||
| 2018 | NOAR_S4_T8 | 59 | 640 | 6.6 | 10.8 | 60.0 | 15.8 ± 0.4 | ||||
| 2021 | 421 | 4.2 | 53.0 | 25.0 | 12.5 ± 0.3 | ||||||
| 2017 | Finale Ligure | 44.15817 | 8.36462 | BONO_S1_T2 | 83 | 163 | 2.0 | 4.9 | 12.3 | 24.2 ± 1.2 | |
| 2020 | 112 | 5.9 | 34.3 | 18.8 | 33.2 ± 3.4 | ||||||
| 2017 | BONO_S1_T3 | 77 | 405 | 5.1 | 3.6 | 35.3 | 32.9 ± 1.2 | ||||
| 2020 | 453 | 5.3 | 12.0 | 5.7 | 65.7 ± 2.6 | ||||||
| Area A3 | 2017 | Albenga | 44.02396 | 8.24063 | ALGA_S3_T2 | 58 | 54 | 0.7 | 11.8 | 38.2 | 30.1 ± 1.5 |
| 2020 | 72 | 1.2 | 70.8 | 1.4 | 35.4 ± 2.1 | ||||||
| 2015 | Diano Marina | 43.88217 | 8.08675 | SSDM_S1_T2 | 51 | 175 | 2.4 | 6.3 | 18.9 | 33.2 ± 1.5 | |
| 2018 | 119 | 2.0 | 55.5 | 68.9 | 39.4 ± 1.2 | ||||||
| 2021 | 115 | 1.3 | 28.4 | 10.8 | 20.6 ± 1.0 | ||||||
| 2018 | Porto Maurizio | 43.84858 | 8.01065 | SSDM_S2_T3 | 36 | 76 | 1.2 | 1.3 | - | 37.8 ± 1.2 | |
| 2021 | 156 | 3.1 | 21.0 | 11.0 | 21.5 ± 0.9 | ||||||
| 2017 | Sanremo E | 43.7929 | 7.79271 | SRSST_S1_T2 | 69 | 265 | 3.3 | 18.1 | 46.2 | 27.7 ± 0.9 | |
| 2020 | 335 | 6.6 | 4.0 | 25.1 | 37.4 ± 1.3 | ||||||
| 2017 | SRSST_S1_T3 | 61 | 232 | 2.9 | 18.7 | 46.7 | 24.9 ± 1.2 | ||||
| 2020 | 135 | 3.5 | 7.0 | 26.7 | 31.7 ± 1.6 | ||||||
| 2017 | Sanremo W | 43.76695 | 7.77113 | BOSR_S3_T1 | 65 | 180 | 2.3 | 9.7 | 55.9 | 25.9 ± 1.1 | |
| 2020 | 181 | 4.4 | 10.4 | 1.7 | 38.3 ± 2.1 | ||||||
| 2017 | BOSR_S3_T2 | 49 | 54 | 0.7 | 9.7 | 55.9 | 32.9 ± 1.5 | ||||
| 2020 | 77 | 0.9 | 33.3 | 15.6 | 50.5 ± 2.2 | ||||||
| 2016 | Bordighera E | 43.7699 | 7.67639 | CMBO_S1_T1 | 49 | 155 | 1.9 | 4.5 | 5.8 | 19.5 ± 1.6 | |
| 2018 | 218 | 4.0 | 11.5 | 13.3 | 45.0 ± 1.2 | ||||||
| 2021 | 556 | 8.4 | 7.0 | 3.4 | 21.7 ± 1.0 | ||||||
| 2016 | CMBO_S1_T2 | 60 | 179 | 1.9 | 8.4 | 13.4 | 26.8 ± 2.1 | ||||
| 2018 | 180 | 3.8 | 13.3 | 31.7 | 34.9 ± 1.6 | ||||||
| 2021 | 823 | 13.1 | 49.0 | 6.0 | 24.8 ± 0.9 | ||||||
| 2016 | CMBO_S1_T3 | 66 | 400 | 5.0 | 2.8 | 11.3 | 22.5 ± 1.6 | ||||
| 2018 | 517 | 8.6 | 7.4 | 44.7 | 25.9 ± 1.2 | ||||||
| 2021 | 407 | 5.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 13.6 ± 1.1 | ||||||
| 2016 | Mortola Cape | 43.76952 | 7.56353 | CMBO_S3_T2 | 35 | 302 | 3.8 | 29.1 | 3.3 | 28.1 ± 2.1 | |
| 2020 | 243 | 4.5 | 39.3 | 7.4 | 43.1 ± 1.9 |