Figure 4.

Crosstalk between different cell types in AT. In adipocytes, Mg deficiency upregulates TRMP7, which appears to elevate cytokine levels. Moreover, low Mg promotes a pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory phenotype in endothelial cells and induces M1 macrophage polarization, an event associated with the increase in NOX and the release of high amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. GSH: reduced glutathione; GSSG oxidized glutathione; NOX: NADPH oxidase; TRPM: transient receptor potential ion channels for melastatin; TXNIP: Thioredoxin Interacting Protein; ↑: increase; ↓: decrease.