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. 2024 Aug 20;13(8):1014. doi: 10.3390/antiox13081014

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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DPPH antioxidant activity (a) and FRAP reducing power (b) of original bitter tincture (BT), conventional hydroethanolic extraction (CE), hydroethanolic ultrasound-assisted extraction (EtOH UAE), choline chloride/citric acid ultrasound-assisted extraction (ChCl:CA UAE), choline chloride/lactic acid ultrasound-assisted extraction (ChCl:LA UAE), and sucrose/citric acid ultrasound-assisted extraction (Su:CA UAE).