Table 2—
Public health laboratory RABV testing data related to RABV-positive specimens assigned to 11 SEI subcategories* on the basis that they would identify or provide important information regarding 4 overarching events of interest and the estimated annual increase in laboratory test load if all SEIs in a subcategory were to undergo RABV characterization.
| Event of interest | SEI subcategory† | Mean annual No. (95% CI) of RABV-positive specimens | Mean annual No. (95% CI) of RABV-positive specimens that underwent virus characterization | Estimate of mean (95% CI) annual No. of additional specimens processed if all SEIs were to undergo RABV characterization |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Novel variant introduction | Domestic animal or livestock (ie, cattle, horses, donkeys, sheep, goats, pigs, alpacas, and llamas) in a southern border state (ie, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, or Florida) | 78 (66–89) | 60 (49–71) | 24 (10–24) |
| Dog | 73 (61–84) | 37 (29–46) | 17 (22–48) | |
| Mammal with a history of international travel in the preceding 12 mo | Unknown | Unknown | < 5 | |
| Translocation events | Terrestrial mammal in the USDA ORV zone front (including enhanced rabies surveillance zones) | 301 (245–356) | 65 (12–118) | 235 (200–271) |
| Raccoon in an area west of the USDA ORV zone front (including enhanced rabies surveillance zones) | 36 (29–43) | 31 (24–37) | 5 (2–9) | |
| Mammal with large or migratory home range (specifically coyotes, cougars, bobcats, wolves, deer, and bison) | 33 (27–42) | 8 (4–12) | 24 (18–31) | |
| Domestic mammals with recent travel history (< 6 mo) across RABV variant territory boundaries‡ | Unknown | Unknown | < 10 | |
| Host shift | Fox | 362 (308–471) | 86 (61–110) | 276 (237–315) |
| Mammal in nonterrestrial mammal (ie, bat) reservoir areas | 12 (6–17) | 5 (1–9) | 6 (1–11) | |
| Unusual rabies-related incident | All rodents and lagomorphs (eg, squirrel, beaver, muskrat, groundhog, and rabbit) | 40 (33–47) | 7 (4–9) | 33 (28–39) |
| Cluster event (≥ 2 cases) in a livestock herd in a 60-d period | Unknown | Unknown | < 25 | |
| Total | 855 (739–971) | 270 (187–353) | 585 (543–625) |
A 12th SEI subcategory related to unusual rabies-related incidents was other; there were no data available for this subcategory.
Some SEIs could be placed in multiple subcategories; however, duplicate samples from multiple SEI subcategories were removed to calculate the total sample increase expected by public health laboratories.
An example would be an animal that travels from Maryland (raccoon RABV enzootic territory) to Indiana (nonraccoon RABV territory).
See Table 1 for remainder of key.