Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the participants (n = 251).
| Characteristics | Overall | Good Sleep Quality CASIS < 30 |
Low Sleep Quality CASIS ≥ 30 |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
n = 251 (100%) |
n = 96 (38.2%) |
n = 155 (61.8%) |
||
| Age (years) | 68.0 ± 9.0 | 68.1 ± 9.0 | 67.9 ± 9.0 | 0.868 |
| Age group 40–50 years | 11 (4.4) | 4 (4.2) | 7 (4.5) | 0.987 |
| Age group 51–64 years | 80 (31.9) | 31 (32.3) | 49 (31.6) | |
| Age group ≥ 65 years | 160 (63.7) | 61 (63.5) | 99 (63.9) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 172 (68.5) | 68 (70.8) | 104 (67.1) | 0.536 |
| Female | 79 (31.5) | 28 (29.2) | 51 (32.9) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.2 ± 6.4 | 29.5 ± 6.4 | 30.6 ± 6.4 | 0.194 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 113 (45.0) | 40 (41.7) | 73 (47.1) | 0.401 |
| Have a spouse | ||||
| Yes | 191 (76.1) | 71 (74.0) | 120 (77.4) | 0.532 |
| No | 60 (23.9) | 25 (26.0) | 35 (22.6) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Active | 120 (48.0) | 44 (46.3) | 76 (49.0) | 0.332 |
| Former | 110 (44.0) | 46 (48.4) | 64 (41.3) | |
| Never | 20 (8.0) | 5 (5.3) | 15 (9.7) | |
| Pack Years | 67.8 ± 39.3 | 63.5 ± 35.4 | 70.6 ± 41.6 | 0.182 |
| Alcohol (units/week) | 0.0 (0.0, 7.0) | 1.5 (0.0, 14.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 7.0) | 0.195 |
| Physical Exercise (min/week) | 0.0 (0.0, 210.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 240.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 200.0) | 0.015 |
| Exercise < 120 min/week | 152 (61.8) | 52 (54.7) | 100 (66.2) | 0.071 |
| Exercise ≥ 120 min/week | 94 (38.2) | 43 (45.3) | 51 (33.8) | |
| Education level | ||||
| Primary level | 118 (48.6) | 38 (40.4) | 80 (53.7) | 0.012 |
| Secondary level | 88 (36.2) | 34 (36.2) | 54 (36.2) | |
| Higher level | 37 (15.2) | 22 (23.4) | 15 (10.1) | |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Arterial Hypertension | 137 (54.8) | 55 (57.3) | 82 (53.2) | 0.532 |
| CVD | 83 (33.1) | 33 (34.4) | 50 (32.3) | 0.729 |
| Diabetes type 2 | 76 (30.3) | 32 (33.3) | 44 (28.4) | 0.407 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 145 (57.8) | 58 (60.4) | 87 (56.1) | 0.504 |
| Osteoporosis | 32 (12.7) | 11 (11.5) | 21 (13.5) | 0.629 |
| Cancer | 27 (10.8) | 5 (5.2) | 22 (14.2) | 0.026 |
| Depression | 32 (12.7) | 12 (12.5) | 20 (12.9) | 0.926 |
| Anxiety disorder | 14 (5.6) | 5 (5.2) | 9 (5.8) | 0.841 |
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 40 (16) | 17 (17.9) | 22 (14.5) | 0.473 |
Data are presented as n (%) for categorical variables and mean values ± SD or median (25th–75th percentile) for continuous variables; BMI: Body Mass Index; CVD: cardiovascular disease.