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. 2024 Aug 20;14(8):725. doi: 10.3390/bs14080725
Cognitive
Engagement
Behavioral
Engagement
Emotional
Engagement
Total
Engagement
Public Speaking
Competence
Group Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
N Group 1 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
Group 2 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
Group 3 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
Group 4 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
Mean Group 1 24 26 21.8 23.4 13.6 14 60.2 63.4 2.73 2.93
Group 2 25.50 23.3 22.7 22.2 13.8 12.8 62 58.2 3.04 3.11
Group 3 23.30 24.4 20 22.6 12.4 13.4 55.6 60.3 2.82 3.04
Group 4 24.40 23.2 20.8 21.5 13.5 12.5 58.6 57.2 2.91 3.22
SD Group 1 3.22 2.66 3.16 2.94 1.22 1.38 6.19 5.38 0.327 0.42
Group 2 2.65 2.49 3.34 2.99 1.26 1.26 6.24 5.96 0.243 0.289
Group 3 2.63 2.43 2.86 2.43 1.8 1.55 6.12 4.31 0.345 0.366
Group 4 2.53 2.96 3.25 2.83 1.74 2 5.83 6.83 0.281 0.318
Skewness Group 1 −0.54 −0.677 −0.05 −0.374 −0.473 −1.13 −0.257 −0.452 −0.203 −0.844
Group 2 0.09 1.18 0.492 0.917 −0.338 0.801 0.477 1.17 −0.81 −1.11
Group 3 −1.60 −0.174 −0.118 −0.305 0.108 −0.882 −0.327 0.642 0.306 0.676
Group 4 −0.06 0.293 0.003 0.293 −0.621 −0.267 −0.008 0.237 −0.405 0.325
Kurtosis Group 1 −0.30 0.799 −0.602 −0.961 −0.892 −0.122 −0.898 −0.016 −0.578 1.48
Group 2 −0.35 1.23 −0.428 1.24 −1.6 −0.521 −0.656 1.28 0.593 2.36
Group 3 3.40 −0.644 −0.502 −0.154 −0.416 1.01 −0.367 −0.129 1.53 0.54
Group 4 −1.27 −0.795 −1.34 0.156 −1.21 −1.15 −1.16 −0.192 −0.63 1.19
N = number; Post = post-test; Pre = pre-test; SD = standard deviation.