Table 1.
Selected characteristics of men and women by quintiles of the DII® score.
| Quintile 1: Most Anti-Inflammatory | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5: Most Pro-Inflammatory | p Trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEN | n = 2223 | n = 2223 | n = 2222 | n = 2223 | n = 2222 | |
| DII® range | −6.76 to −1.31 | −1.31 to −0.02 | −0.02 to 1.03 | 1.03 to 2.15 | 2.15 to 7.60 | |
| DII®(median) | −2.24 | −0.62 | 0.50 | 1.55 | 2.95 | |
| MLTCs (n, %) | 839 (38) | 768 (35) | 710 (32) | 713 (32) | 655 (29) | |
| Age (years) | 60.5 (9.0) | 60.1 (9.3) | 59.4 (9.2) | 59.5 (9.4) | 58.9 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 80.9 (11.2) | 80.7 (11.4) | 80.7 (11.2) | 80.0 (11.4) | 79.0 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 (3.3) | 26.6 (3.3) | 26.6 (3.2) | 26.5 (3.3) | 26.2 (3.2) | <0.001 |
| Supplement user, % | 50 | 42 | 38 | 32 | 29 | <0.001 |
| Social class, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-manual | 65 | 61 | 58 | 55 | 48 | |
| Manual | 33 | 37 | 40 | 44 | 49 | |
| Missing | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| Education, % | <0.001 | |||||
| No qualifications | 25 | 27 | 29 | 32 | 38 | |
| O level and above | 75 | 73 | 71 | 68 | 61 | |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Smoking status, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Current | 5 | 7 | 11 | 15 | 22 | |
| Former | 58 | 58 | 55 | 53 | 48 | |
| Never | 36 | 35 | 34 | 32 | 30 | |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Physical activity, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Inactive | 27 | 28 | 31 | 34 | 33 | |
| Moderately inactive | 26 | 26 | 26 | 25 | 20 | |
| Moderately active | 24 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 24 | |
| Active | 24 | 22 | 20 | 20 | 23 | |
| BMI, % | 0.012 | |||||
| Underweight | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Normal weight | 31 | 32 | 31 | 32 | 36 | |
| Overweight | 56 | 54 | 55 | 54 | 52 | |
| Obese | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 12 | |
| Quintile 1: Most Anti-Inflammatory | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5: Most Pro-Inflammatory | p Trend | |
| WOMEN | n = 2682 | n = 2682 | n = 2681 | n = 2682 | n = 2681 | |
| DII® range | −6.62 to −2.17 | −2.17 to −1.02 | −1.02 to 0.01 | 0.01 to 1.18 | 1.18 to 6.71 | |
| DII® (median) | −2.95 | −1.55 | −0.50 | 0.55 | 2.08 | |
| MLTCs (n, %) | 1081 (40) | 1073 (40) | 1018 (38) | 1045 (39) | 1043 (39) | |
| Age (years) | 59.1 (9.1) | 58.8 (9.2) | 58.7 (9.2) | 58.7 (9.3) | 58.9 (9.6) | 0.569 |
| Weight (kg) | 68.6 (12.0) | 68.1 (11.6) | 67.8 (11.1) | 68.1 (12.1) | 67.1 (11.8) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 (4.3) | 26.2 (4.3) | 26.1 (4.0) | 26.3 (4.5) | 26.0 (4.4) | 0.001 |
| Supplement user, % | 64 | 58 | 53 | 49 | 42 | <0.001 |
| Social class, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-manual | 65 | 64 | 60 | 58 | 55 | |
| Manual | 32 | 34 | 38 | 39 | 42 | |
| Missing | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |
| Education, % | <0.001 | |||||
| No qualifications | 35 | 39 | 40 | 45 | 50 | |
| O level and above | 65 | 61 | 60 | 55 | 50 | |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Smoking status, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Current | 6 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 20 | |
| Former | 36 | 34 | 32 | 30 | 29 | |
| Never | 58 | 58 | 58 | 56 | 50 | |
| Missing | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Physical activity, % | <0.001 | |||||
| Inactive | 25 | 27 | 30 | 32 | 36 | |
| Moderately inactive | 31 | 33 | 34 | 34 | 30 | |
| Moderately active | 24 | 24 | 22 | 21 | 21 | |
| Active | 21 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 13 | |
| BMI, % | 0.005 | |||||
| Underweight | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Normal weight | 42 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 46 | |
| Overweight | 41 | 40 | 41 | 38 | 37 | |
| Obese | 17 | 17 | 16 | 18 | 16 |
Values are mean ± SD unless specified otherwise. p-value for trend for continuous variables was calculated using linear regression; chi-squared test for trend was used for categorical variables (missing category excluded from trend analyses).