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View full-text article in PMC

. 2024 Aug 8;16(16):2792. doi: 10.3390/cancers16162792

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Characterization of blood and lymphatic vasculature development in growing primary tumors. After 5 days of growth, 4T1 tumors harvested from the axillary and sub-iliac fat pads displayed vascularization with both blood and lymphatic vessels. CD31 was used as a marker for endothelial cells on blood vessels and is highlighted by black arrows. Podoplanin was used as a marker for the lymphatic vascular system and is highlighted by red arrows. Representative IHC slides from the tumor harvested from fad-pads of mice from axillary and sub-iliac sites are presented in Panel (A). ImageJ analysis was performed as a semi-quantitative measure of positive staining for CD31 (black circle) and podoplanin (black square) in the axillary (Panel (B)) and sub-iliac tumor (Panel (C)). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001, Student’s t-test. Data presented in Panels (B,C) are based on the mean ± SD of eight randomly selected 4T1 tumor areas from each site.

Characterization of blood and lymphatic vasculature development in growing primary tumors. After 5 days of growth, 4T1 tumors harvested from the axillary and sub-iliac fat pads displayed vascularization with both blood and lymphatic vessels. CD31 was used as a marker for endothelial cells on blood vessels and is highlighted by black arrows. Podoplanin was used as a marker for the lymphatic vascular system and is highlighted by red arrows. Representative IHC slides from the tumor harvested from fad-pads of mice from axillary and sub-iliac sites are presented in Panel (A). ImageJ analysis was performed as a semi-quantitative measure of positive staining for CD31 (black circle) and podoplanin (black square) in the axillary (Panel (B)) and sub-iliac tumor (Panel (C)). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001, Student’s t-test. Data presented in Panels (B,C) are based on the mean ± SD of eight randomly selected 4T1 tumor areas from each site.